“Once the global economy emerges from the current financial crisis, which it will, the countries that do well on our index are those that are best prepared to bounce back and perform well in the longer term,” Jennifer Blanke, director of the WEF’s global competitiveness network told The Financial Times.

And the United States is at the top. That’s the good news.

The bad news is that the safety of U.S. banks dropped to 40th this…

Bear in mind that each new economic report, earnings statement, news report or trading session represents a new opportunity for fear and uncertainty to reemerge.

Fortunately, next week’s economic calendar remains quite light, although retailers may just weigh in with “doom-and-gloom” holiday predictions.  Earnings season may be weak as well (with even more pessimistic outlooks), so investors should not overreact even if Texas Instruments Inc. (TXN), Halliburton Inc. (HAL), Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN) and others fail to meet expectations.  Volatility should continue and…

"Government owning a stake in any private U.S. company is objectionable to most Americans - me included," U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said announcing his decision to effectively nationalize the nation’s banking sector. “Yet, the alternative of leaving businesses and consumers without access to financing is totally unacceptable.”

A government investment of $250 billion amounts to about 25% to 30% of the market capitalization for publicly traded banks, Rajiv Sobti, chief investment officer at Nomura Global Alpha, a unit of Nomura Asset Management U.S.A. told BusinessWeek.

The $250 billion investment will be allocated as follows:

• Citigroup Inc. (C) JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) and Bank of America Corp. (BAC) each get $25 billion.
• Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) will receive between $20 billion and $25 billion.
• Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) and Morgan Stanley (MS) each get $10 billion.
• The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (BK) and State Street Corp. (STT) receive between $2 billion and $3 billion apiece.

The remainder, between $124 billion and $131 billion, will be dispersed among smaller banks and thrifts.

Each bank will issue preferred stock to the U.S. government that will pay special dividends at a 5% interest rate, which will increase to 9% after five years. Additionally, the government will receive warrants worth 15% of the face value of the preferred stock.

Participating banks will also have to accept limits on executive pay, the abolition of so-called golden parachutes and improper bonuses, and may be forced to reduce or eliminate dividends.

The government, so far, has insisted that the banks will not have to cut their dividends, nor will any executives be forced to resign. The chief executives of Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (ADR: RBS), HBOS PLC (OTC: HBOOY), and Lloyds TSB Group PLC (ADR: LYG) were all forced to resign Monday during the British government’s nationalization process.

While the original U.S. bailout plan indicated that banks would be encouraged to participate on a volunteer basis, the chief executives of the nine largest U.S. banks were summoned to Washington and convinced to take part in the recapitalization effort, as a way to avoid stigmatizing any one bank.

Had any one bank asked for help, it would have been a signal to the world that it couldn’t survive, said Daniel Clifton, an analyst for institutional broker Strategas Research Partners.

Therefore, the Treasury had little choice but to "jawbone them into taking the money in a coordinated fashion all at the same time.”

“These are healthy institutions, and they have taken this step for the good of the U.S. economy,” Paulson said of the financial firms.

Afterwards, Paulson further elaborated on the role these institutions must play in restoring liquidity to the market.

“The needs of our economy require that our financial institutions not take this new capital to hoard it, but to deploy it,” Paulson said.

In addition to $250 billion recapitalization effort, the U.S. Federal Reserve will start a program to become the buyer of last resort for commercial paper and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) will offer an unlimited guarantee on bank deposits in accounts that do not pay interest. The government will also expand deposit insurance to cover all small business deposits.

Over the past several months, small businesses, which typically maintain balances well above insurance limits, have been withdrawing their money in record amounts. The Fed initially tried to solve this problem by raising its deposit insurance limit from $100,000 to $250,000, but that only extended coverage to about 68% of all small business deposits, according to financial services consulting firm Oliver Wyman Group.

Abolishing deposit insurance limits for small businesses altogether would cover the remaining 32%, the New York Times reported.

“Imposing unlimited deposit insurance doesn’t fix the underlying problem, but it does reduce the threat of overnight failures,” Jaret Seiberg, a financial services policy analyst at the Stanford Group in Washington, told the NY Times. “If you reduce the threat of overnight failures, you start to encourage lending to each other overnight, which starts to restore the normal functioning of the credit markets.”

Source: Paulson Announces New Plans to Buy Equity Stakes in Banks and Revive Credit Markets

"Government owning a stake in any private U.S. company is objectionable to most Americans - me included," U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said announcing his decision to effectively nationalize the nation’s banking sector. “Yet, the alternative of leaving businesses and consumers without access to financing is totally unacceptable.”

A government investment of $250 billion amounts to about 25% to 30% of the market capitalization for publicly traded banks, Rajiv Sobti, chief investment officer at Nomura Global Alpha, a unit of Nomura Asset Management U.S.A. told BusinessWeek.

The $250 billion investment will be allocated as follows:

• Citigroup Inc. (C) JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) and Bank of America Corp. (BAC) each get $25 billion.
• Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) will receive between $20 billion and $25 billion.
• Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) and Morgan Stanley (MS) each get $10 billion.
• The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (BK) and State Street Corp. (STT) receive between $2 billion and $3 billion apiece.

The remainder, between $124 billion and $131 billion, will be dispersed among smaller banks and thrifts.

Each bank will issue preferred stock to the U.S. government that will pay special dividends at a 5% interest rate, which will increase to 9% after five years. Additionally, the government will receive warrants worth 15% of the face value of the preferred stock.

Participating banks will also have to accept limits on executive pay, the abolition of so-called golden parachutes and improper bonuses, and may be forced to reduce or eliminate dividends.

The government, so far, has insisted that the banks will not have to cut their dividends, nor will any executives be forced to resign. The chief executives of Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (ADR: RBS), HBOS PLC (OTC: HBOOY), and Lloyds TSB Group PLC (ADR: LYG) were all forced to resign Monday during the British government’s nationalization process.

While the original U.S. bailout plan indicated that banks would be encouraged to participate on a volunteer basis, the chief executives of the nine largest U.S. banks were summoned to Washington and convinced to take part in the recapitalization effort, as a way to avoid stigmatizing any one bank.

Had any one bank asked for help, it would have been a signal to the world that it couldn’t survive, said Daniel Clifton, an analyst for institutional broker Strategas Research Partners.

Therefore, the Treasury had little choice but to "jawbone them into taking the money in a coordinated fashion all at the same time.”

“These are healthy institutions, and they have taken this step for the good of the U.S. economy,” Paulson said of the financial firms.

Afterwards, Paulson further elaborated on the role these institutions must play in restoring liquidity to the market.

“The needs of our economy require that our financial institutions not take this new capital to hoard it, but to deploy it,” Paulson said.

In addition to $250 billion recapitalization effort, the U.S. Federal Reserve will start a program to become the buyer of last resort for commercial paper and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) will offer an unlimited guarantee on bank deposits in accounts that do not pay interest. The government will also expand deposit insurance to cover all small business deposits.

Over the past several months, small businesses, which typically maintain balances well above insurance limits, have been withdrawing their money in record amounts. The Fed initially tried to solve this problem by raising its deposit insurance limit from $100,000 to $250,000, but that only extended coverage to about 68% of all small business deposits, according to financial services consulting firm Oliver Wyman Group.

Abolishing deposit insurance limits for small businesses altogether would cover the remaining 32%, the New York Times reported.

“Imposing unlimited deposit insurance doesn’t fix the underlying problem, but it does reduce the threat of overnight failures,” Jaret Seiberg, a financial services policy analyst at the Stanford Group in Washington, told the NY Times. “If you reduce the threat of overnight failures, you start to encourage lending to each other overnight, which starts to restore the normal functioning of the credit markets.”

Source: Paulson Announces New Plans to Buy Equity Stakes in Banks and Revive Credit Markets

The rally was sparked by commitments from the major financial nations to cooperate in getting the credit markets functioning again, and by news that U.S. officials were putting the finishing touches on Washington’s version of a rescue plan under which the U.S. Treasury Department will invest an estimated $125 billion in nine major U.S. banks, and another $125 billion in smaller financial institutions, Bloomberg News reported early this morning (Tuesday).

The White House announced that U.S. President George W. Bush would meet at 7:30 a.m. EDT today with members of his financial markets working group. He’ll make a statement about the plan at 8:05 a.m. U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry M. “Hank” Paulson Jr., U.S. Federal Reserve Chief Ben S. Bernanke and Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Chair Sheila C. Bair will discuss the plan during an 8:30 a.m. news conference, MarketWatch.com and Bloomberg both reported.

“These are tough times for our economies, yet we can be confident that we can work our way through these challenges and America will continue to work closely with the other nations to coordinate our response to this global financial crisis,” President Bush told reporters yesterday following a meeting with Italy Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi at the White House.

After an eight-day losing streak – the worst for the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index since 1996 – those dramatic worldwide developments were enough to spawn a rally of historic proportions in U.S. shares. The S&P 500 rebounded from its worst week in 75 years with an 11.6% advance, jumping 104.13 points to close at 1,003.35. The Dow zoomed 936.42 points, or 11%, to close at 9,387.61 – eviscerating the previous record of 499 points, set in March 2000, and posting its best percentage gain since 1933.

The Nasdaq Composite Index climbed 194.74, or 12%, to 1,844.25. Sixteen stocks gained for each that fell on the New York Stock Exchange.

Last week’s 18% declines pushed both the S&P 500 and Dow down more than 40% from their peaks last October.

The S&P 500 ended the trading day Friday at 17 times reported earnings of its companies, the cheapest valuation in more than a year. Yesterday’s really boosted the Price/Earnings ratio to 19.2. The S&P 500 is still down 32% this year, positioning it for its worst yearly loss since 1937.

“The worst of the immediate danger is past,” Bruce McCain, chief investment strategist at Key Private Bank (KEY) in Cleveland, which manages $30 billion, told Bloomberg, the well-known financial news service.“It’s always easier when you’ve got markets going up and you’re not having to talk clients back in off the ledge.”

Kevin Divney, chief investment officer at Putnam Investments in Boston, told Bloomberg Television that “the real catalyst is the levels of valuation.”

But not everyone was quite so sanguine. Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald cautioned that one strong day in the markets – even a record one – doesn’t necessarily mean there’s a full-fledged rebound in store.

“The real economic growth rates in the financial sector are unclear,” Fitz-Gerald said in an interview. “To say that it’s an accounting nightmare is an insult to the Hollywood honchos who actually make their living transforming nightmares into movies. Fiction writers could not concocted a better horror story than the one that’s rocked world financial markets since last November. Despite all the mergers and acquisitions, and the emergency bailouts, that we’ve seen to date, Wall Street hasn’t even begun to address the underlying business prospects – on anything more than a superficial level – of the lion’s share of the companies that are being bailed out.” [For Fitz-Gerald’s full take on yesterday’s market action – including some insights on how he believes investors should navigate the uncertainty – check out his special market commentary that appears elsewhere in today’s issue.]

All 10 industries in the S&P 500 added more than 7%. Monday’s worldwide rally – which ranged from Tokyo to New York – sent the MSCI World Index up 9.5 %, the biggest gain since the gauge was created in 1970, MarketWatch reported.

The bond market was closed for the Columbus Day holiday. The dollar fell the most in three weeks against the euro.

Details of a Bailout/“Rescue” Plan

On Sunday, the major European Union nations committed more than $2.3 trillion to safeguard their banks and financial system, according to The Associated Press.  Global efforts to rescue the international banking system gathered force yesterday, with Europe leading the way to provide money to shore up its financial sector and calm traders, and the U.S. hinting it’s on board with its own rescue plan, MarketWatch reported. [For details of the sweeping European rescue plan, check out this related report elsewhere in today’s issue of Money Morning.]

U.S. bankers were summoned to the Treasury Department yesterday, as the U.S. government prepared additional measures to stabilize markets, reported the U.S. shortwave broadcasting service, The Voice of America.

Over the weekend, Treasury Secretary Paulson had called the heads of the five biggest U.S. banks to come to Washington for face-to-face talks about the rescue plan, according to people briefed on the matter. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) Chief Executive Officer Lloyd C. Blankfein, Morgan Stanley (MS) CEO John J. Mack, Citigroup Inc. (C) CEO Vikram Pandit, JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) CEO Jamie Dimon and Bank of America Corp. (BAC) CEO Kenneth D. Lewis were all asked to attend, according to The AP.

The CEOs had been in Washington this past weekend to meet with international finance officials at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. This group of U.S. banking sector leaders met with Paulson and Fed Chairman Bernanke for about three hours yesterday, several news sources have said.

When asked for precise details about the plan that’s to be unveiled early today, U.S. Treasury officials remained mum. Indeed, sources would only say that it would include a “series of comprehensive actions to strengthen public confidence in our financial institutions and restore functioning of our credit markets.”

However, after the CEO meetings, some details began to leak out. Industry insiders speculated late yesterday that the Federal Reserve and Treasury Department had outlined a plan to inject as much as $250 billion of the $700 billion rescue plan into top U.S. banks.

In addition, to jumpstart “Interbank” lending, the FDIC would actually insure new senior preferred debt for three years.

The Treasury Department would take the equity stakes in banks using authority it was granted under the $700 billion bank rescue plan enacted two weeks ago.

“We’re talking about making investments in these banks in a way that doesn’t necessarily punish existing shareholders,” Charles Bobrinskoy, vice chairman of Ariel Investments LLC, which manages $13 billion, said on Bloomberg TV. “Most of the bank actions to date in the U.S. have been good for bondholders but terrible for common stockholders.”

Government actions this year to prevent bankruptcies at investment bank Bear Stearns Cos., mortgage lenders Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE) and insurer American International Group Inc. (AIG) resulted in near-total losses for the firms’ shareholders.

The collapse of New York-based Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LEHMQ) on Sept. 15 precipitated the latest chapter of the 14-month-old credit crisis, causing banks to stop lending to each other out of concern they may not get their money back.

Direct investments of this magnitude represent a new approach for Treasury Secretary Paulson, who initially advocated a bailout targeted at illiquid mortgage-related assets. When the markets didn’t respond positively to earlier plans, the Treasury Department shifted gears – in a big way.

“They’ve decided they need to do something drastic and this is drastic,” Gerard S. Cassidy, a bank analyst at RBC Capital Markets (RY) in Portland, Maine, told Bloomberg.

The proposed cash injections in exchange for preferred shares are said to be destined for Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC), JP Morgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Corp., Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER), Morgan Stanley, State Street Corp. (STT), and Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (BK).

“The government has gone to ‘Plan B’ and it packs a big wallop,” Frederic Dickson who helps oversee $25 billion as chief market strategist at D.A. Davidson & Co. in Lake Oswego, Oregon, told the financial news service.

The Treasury plans to spend $25 billion each for stakes in Citigroup and JPMorgan, people said. Another $25 billion will be divided between Bank of America and Merrill, which agreed last month to be acquired by Bank of America. Wells Fargo is to get at least $20 billion, Goldman and Morgan Stanley will each get $10 billion, and State Street and Bank of New York will get about $3 billion each, people said.

The government will obtain its stakes with a type of security designed not to dilute the value of common shares.

None of the nine banks getting government money was given a choice about it, said people familiar with the plans. All of the banks involved will have to submit to compensation restrictions as mandated by Congress, people said.

The remaining $125 billion will be used to recapitalize other financial institutions around the country, the people said. Neel Kashkari, the U.S. Treasury official overseeing the rescue of the financial system, yesterday said the equity purchases would be aimed at “healthy” firms.

Source: Dow Zooms to Record Gain Yesterday on Reports The Government Will Reveal Banking Bailout Plan Details Early Today

• American retirement plans have lost as much as $2 trillion, or 20% of their value, in the past 15 months, Peter Orszag, head of the Congressional Budget Office estimated yesterday (Tuesday). "Some people will delay their retirement. In particular, those on the verge of retirement may decide they can no longer afford to retire and will continue working," Orszag said.

• EBay Inc. (EBAY) said yesterday (Tuesday) that it will cut 10% of its work force and spend $1.3 billion to buy online payment and classified companies, in an effort to offset a slowdown in its web auctions business. The reduction is expected to incur restructuring charges of about $70 million to $80 million, but then save $150 million annually.

• Eli Lilly & Co. (LLY) yesterday (Tuesday) announced it will pay $62 million to 32 states and Washington D.C. to resolve an investigation into its marketing practices, The Associated Press reported. Lilly was accused of marketing its top-selling drug Zyprexa for off-label uses and inadequately disclosing the drug’s side effects to health care providers.

• Morgan Stanley (MS) and Japan’s Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Inc. (ADR: MTU) have received regulatory approval for the Tokyo-based bank’s $9 billion investment in the Wall Street firm. The U.S. Federal Reserve and other global regulators approved the deal, MarketWatch reported. Morgan Stanley also received antitrust approval from the U.S. government.

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted a worldwide economic slowdown in a report prepared for a Group of Seven meeting. “The global economy is entering a major downturn,” the IMF said in the report, dated Oct. 4 and obtained by Bloomberg News. “Many advanced economies are now close to recession, while emerging economies are also slowing rapidly.”

• Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) will likely buy the bulk of Wachovia Corp. (WB) deposits, Reuters reported, citing an unnamed source. Citigroup Inc. (C) is expected to get 20% - 25% of Wachovia’s total deposits, with the remainder going to Wells Fargo, the news service reported, but cautioned that talks are ongoing and no deal has been finalized.

Source: Global Investing Roundups Wednesday, October 8th, 2008

The three banks jointly pledged to “cooperate in good faith to agree among themselves to secure orders where necessary in all applicable cases in all jurisdictions,” according to a statement from Wachovia.

The agreement was reached after consultations with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bloomberg News reported. The “litigation standstill” will be in effect until noon EDT tomorrow (Wednesday).

Earlier in the day, Citigroup had filed suit against Wells Fargo and Wachovia for $60 billion in damages for breaching the exclusive negotiation period Wachovia had agreed to as part of Citigroup’s original offer for Wachovia’s retail banking operations.

It was the culmination of a day of legal wrangling, as Wachovia won an injunction in North Carolina state court to halt Citigroup from delaying the merger agreement with Wells Fargo.

Meanwhile, in New York, Citigroup’s court order, granted over the weekend to extend the exclusive negotiation period, was overturned in state appeals court. Citigroup promised to appeal the motion.

Wells Fargo’s $15 billion, or $7 a share, offer for all of Wachovia operations easily trumps Citigroup’s $2.16 billion, or $1 per share, offer for just Wachovia’s deposits, loan portfolio, and retail banking branches. The Citigroup offer did not include Wachovia’s A.G. Edwards brokerage unit or Evergreen Investment Management Co. LLC mutual fund family.

But as part of its agreement with Citigroup, Wachovia agreed to exclusive negotiation rights through Monday, Oct. 6. Wells Fargo’s offer was accepted on Friday, Oct. 3.

"We’re all working together with regulators… to come to a solution and outcome that serves the public interest, and I think we will have one today," Sheila Bair, head of Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., said at a banking economics conference yesterday, Reuters reported.

While the FDIC is not formally involved in the negotiations, it is working with all parties involved to reach a mutually beneficial agreement.

Hedge fund investor, William Ackman, who holds approximately 170 million shares of Wachovia, feels the Charlotte-based bank is more valuable if its retail banking business is sold separately from its asset management and brokerage divisions.

“This company is worth more, in our view, if it’s broken into pieces,” Ackman said, Bloomberg News reported. “It’s worth more because of the tax benefits created from the separation. It makes sense for Citi to continue buying the banking subsidiary and it makes sense for somebody else to buy the holding company.”

Another proposal divides Wachovia’s retail branches along geographic lines with a portion going to each San Francisco-based Wells Fargo and New York-based Citigroup.

Source: Temporary Litigation Halt as Citigroup and Wells Fargo Continue to Vie for Wachovia