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		<title>Housing Prices Up Again &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/housing-prices-up-again-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/housing-prices-up-again-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 16:47:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/26489/Housing+Prices+Up+Again+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
Helped by the "first-time home buyer" tax credit and other forms of government assistance, home prices -- as measured by the Case Schiller Composite 20 index -- rose for the third straight month, up 0.97%, but still down 11.36% on a year-over-year basis, and off 29.89% from its May 2006 peak (note below when I reference peak levels they are from May 2006, not from the individual city peaks, which might have been a few months before or after the national peak).<br />
<br />
Since home prices do exhibit a fair amount of seasonality, I am working with the seasonally adjusted numbers. Most of the press has a habit of tracking the unadjusted numbers, which I feel is a mistake. So realize that the numbers presented here might be different from what you read in the newspaper tomorrow.<br />
<br />
A total of 16 of the 20 cities registered price increases, so the gains were widespread. The older Composite 10 index registered a similar 1.03% gain for the month and is down 10.67% on a year-over-year basis, and off 30.85% from the peak.<br />
<br />
The first graph below (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows the history of both the Composite 10 and the Composite 20 indexes. The first-time homebuyer tax credit provides up to $8,000 to buyers of houses, but is scheduled to expire at the end of November. To claim the credit, the closing must be by that date, so any house that is going to qualify pretty much had to be under contract by now, and even in August (the data is released with a 2-month delay) people were scrambling to make the deals in time to qualify.<br />
<br />
When a subsidy is given for a purchase, it is very much of an open question as to how much of that subsidy goes to the buyer, and how much goes to the seller. To the extent any of it goes to the seller, then what the Federal government is doing is using tax dollars to prop up housing asset values.<br />
<br />
One would expect that a large portion of the subsidy ended up in the hands of the sellers. The acid test will be what happens to housing prices once that subsidy is removed. The Fed is also helping by its purchase of $1.25 Trillion in <span style="font-weight: bold">Fannie Mae </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fnm">FNM</a>)- and <span style="font-weight: bold">Freddie Mac</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fre">FRE</a>)-backed mortgages, which is artificially holding down mortgage rates.<br />
<br />
What happens to mortgage rates when they stop in March? Or will they continue to just keep the printing presses turned on and continue to buy every mortgage out there? The HAMP mortgage modification program is helping to keep the number of foreclosures down, even as delinquency rates continue to skyrocket. This keeps the supply of distressed houses for sale down. However, many of these mortgage modifications are likely to eventually fail, especially if the principal left on the mortgage remains higher than the value of the house. It is a game of "extend and pretend."<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1256657494.jpg" alt="" /><br />
<br />
Geographically, some of the best gains came from California, which has been among the states hardest hit by the collapse of the housing bubble. San Fransciso saw prices rise by 2.59% for the month, although prices are still down 12.49% on a year-over-year basis and off 40.00% from the peak. San Diego rose 1.52% for the month and is now down just 8.86% for the year and down 39.33% from the peak. Los Angeles saw a 1.27% rise for the month, bringing the decline since last year to 12.00% and is 39.70% below peak levels.<br />
<br />
There were also two winners in the Midwest, with Minneapolis seeing a 2.32% gain for the month, but down 13.83% year-over-year and down 30.00% from the peak, and Chicago saw a 1.22% monthly gain. Windy City housing prices are down 12.72% from a year ago and off 22.74% from the peak.<br />
<br />
The second graph has a somewhat different way of presenting the city performance information. It shows the declines through different dates on a cumulative basis. Thus, if the final red bar is shorter on the down side than the yellow middle bar it means that prices in that city are actually up year-to-date. It shows that many of the cities that were hit hardest early in the downturn (large blue bars) continued to suffer even bigger declines in 2008, and are for the most part still suffering declines on a year-to-date basis.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, cities that largely sidestepped the bubble on the way up, and which held up well as the national housing market started to turn south, such as Dallas and Denver, suffered only minor losses in 2008 and have already started to see housing prices rebound on a year-to-date basis.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1256657508.jpg" alt="" /><br />
<br />
While enormously expensive, the government support of the housing market is working. If housing prices continue to fall, it means more and more people will end up underwater on their homes, and being underwater is the single best predictor if a house will end up being foreclosed upon. This is already a huge problem as illustrated by an <a href="http://www.loanperformance.com/infocenter/library/FACL%20Negative%20Equity_final_081309.pdf">analysis by First American Core Logic</a>.<br />
<br />
<em>"More than 15.2 million U.S. mortgages, or 32.2 percent of all mortgaged properties, were in negative equity position as of June 30, 2009... June&#8217;s negative equity share was slightly lower than the 32.5 percent as of the end of March 2009 and it reflects the recent flattening of monthly home price changes. As of June 2009, there were an additional 2.5 million mortgaged properties that were approaching negative equity. Negative equity and near negative equity mortgages combined account for nearly 38 percent of all residential properties with a mortgage nationwide."</em><br />
<br />
As housing prices rebound, it means that some people who were underwater are able to catch a breath, and many who were on the cusp of going underwater will stay above the waves -- at least for now. The actions have served to slow the trainwreck, and that is a good thing since it gives people time to adjust and for banks to try to earn their way out of the mess (the extremely steep yield curve that is a consequence of the Fed Funds rate near zero is a very big part of that).<br />
<br />
However, I am not convinced that the housing market has turned for real, that it will not start to fall again after the supports are removed. Prices are still above normal when measured relative to both incomes and rents, although not nearly as out of whack as they were a few years ago.<br />
<br />
But rents are now falling, which will put additional pressure on the price to rent ratio, and with the official (U-3) unemployment rate at 9.8% and rising, with the underemployment rate (U-6) at 17.0% the income side of the price to income ratio is not looking so hot either.<br />
<br />
Still, this is a welcome report, I just worry that it will not be sustained. I hope I am wrong about that.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FNM">Read the full analyst report on "FNM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FRE">Read the full analyst report on "FRE"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Employment Report in Depth &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/employment-report-in-depth-analyst-blog-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/employment-report-in-depth-analyst-blog-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2009 18:29:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/25452/Employment+Report+in+Depth+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
Ugly, just plain ugly -- that's the best way to describe the September employment report. The economy dropped 263,000 jobs in the month, and 7.2 million now since the start of the recession back in December of 2007. The total number of unemployed rose to 15.1 million, an increase of 7.6 million since the recession began. That brought the unemployment rate up to 9.8%.<br />
<br />
Silver linings were few and far between in this report. One of the few good news items was that the number of jobs lost in August was revised to 201,000 from 216,000. However, July was revised down to a loss of 304,000 jobs from 276,000.<br />
<br />
This is the highest unemployment rate since the middle of 1983. Back in the early 1980&#8217;s, demographics (Baby Boomers and women entering the labor force) made the natural rate of unemployment much higher than it is today, so arguably the current situation is worse. It certainly is when measured by the year-over-year change in employment, which fell to -4.23% as shown in the graph below (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>). Since 1960, the year-over-year change has never been worse than 3%.<br />
<br />
Even worse, those previous valleys had come on the heels of steep mountains of sharp employment growth. This decline is coming on the heels of an expansion that was simply pathetic in the job creation department. Keep in mind that the unemployment rate does not include discouraged workers, or those who are working part-time for economic reasons.<br />
<br />
The broader U-6 measure of unemployment rose to 17.0% from 16.8% in August and 11.2% a year ago. Overall, U-6 is probably a better measure of the overall weakness in the labor market than the more widely reported "official" U-3 number.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1254504603.jpg" alt="" /><br />
<br />
Average hourly wages crept up by a penny, or less than 0.1%, to $18.67, and are up 2.5% year over year. Remember that those numbers are not adjusted for inflation, and while right now year-over-year headline inflation is low, that is going to change dramatically over the next few months as the plunge in oil prices a year ago slips into the history books.<br />
<br />
Actual take-home pay has not done nearly as well though as people are working fewer hours, so average weekly earnings are up just 0.7%. The average work week declined by 0.1 hour to 33.0. While that might not sound like much, remember that there are still 130.9 million non-farm jobs in the country.<br />
<br />
That 0.1 hour change in the workweek equates to 395,000 more jobs (33/33.1 x 130.9 million). The workweek data does not go out further than one decimal point, so that 395,000 is just a rough estimate. However, keep in mind that total output is equal to total hours worked times output per hour (a.k.a. productivity), and total hours are made up of the number of people working times the number of hours they work, so the average workweek is very important. It is also an important leading indicator.<br />
<br />
When business picks up, most employers will start giving their existing employees more hours rather than go out and hire more new employees. The fact that the average workweek is still declining is a very bad sign.<br />
<br />
While the unemployment rate tends to get all the headlines, of more significance to the economy is the employment rate, or the percentage of people who have jobs. Now, that number will never come close to 100%, unless we repeal the child labor laws. Still, one way or another the total population has to be supported by those who are working, either directly as dependents, or indirectly through taxes (Social Security, for example).<br />
<br />
There are two related measures. One is the civilian participation rate (red line on the next graph), or the percentage of people who want to work (i.e. are not retired, happy as stay-at-home parents, or still in diapers), and the other is the employment-to-population ratio, or as I like to call it, "the employment rate" (blue line).<br />
<br />
The difference between the lines is the unemployment rate. The employment rate is obviously much more volatile than the participation rate, although the participation rate does tend to decline a little bit in economic hard times as people become discouraged, or decide to go to school rather than look for a job. As the graph below shows, both measures were in a secular uptrend until about 2000.<br />
<br />
This was driven by the demographics I mentioned earlier: women entering the labor force, and Baby Boomers getting to working age.  Now Baby Boomers are on the cusp of retirement, and women are fully integrated into the workforce. Thus the participation rate has started to tail off.<br />
<br />
This should make life easier for policy makers, and as it declines, the natural rate of unemployment should come down, all other things being equal. The employment rate never came close to matching its pervious high during the last expansion, and has since fallen off a cliff. It plunged by 0.4 points in September (the graph only goes through August; the St. Louis Fed will probably update the database with the current numbers later today or tomorrow) to 58.8 from 59.2 in August. It is at its lowest point since January of 1984. If that was morning in America, this should be mourning in America.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1254504619.jpg" alt="" /><br />
<br />
One of the most frightening things about the current recession (or the one just passed; we are probably technically out of it) has been the rise in the number of long-term unemployed. The median duration of unemployment surged to a record high 17.3 weeks in September from 15.4 weeks in August. A year ago it was 10.3 weeks. The average duration of unemployment jumped to 26.2 weeks from 24.9 weeks in August and 18.7 weeks a year ago. Remember that a year ago we had already been in a recession for longer than either the 1991 or the 2001 recessions, so this is not exactly an easy comp.<br />
<br />
Going over 26 weeks for average unemployment is stunning. Keep in mind that regular state unemployment benefits run out after 26 weeks. Benefits have been extended as part of the stimulus package, but even those are scheduled to run out soon for many. The House has approved another 13-week extension for those people in high (over 8.5%) unemployment states, but the Senate has yet to act on the bill. One may think this has to be an urgent priority, as an estimated 1.5 million people are scheduled to run out of even the extended benefits by the end of the year.<br />
<br />
What are the odds that those people can continue to pay their mortgages? Not very high, and that will lead to more of them being foreclosed upon, or simply stop paying their mortgages and live as squatters in their own homes until the sheriff shows up at the door. This will lead to more losses at the big banks like <strong>Bank of America</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/bac">BAC</a>), <strong>JP Morgan </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/jpm">JPM</a>) and<strong> Wells Fargo</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wfc">WFC</a>), as well as any institution that is holding the mortgage-backed paper. More and more, that is you and me -- through the Federal Reserve, which has been in the process of buying $1.25 Trillion of mortgage backed assets, as well as $200 billion of<strong> Fannie</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fnm">FNM</a>) and <strong>Freddie</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fre">FRE</a>) paper that is indirectly backed by mortgages.<br />
<br />
One interesting measure of this increase in the length of unemployment is the ratio between short-term unemployed (less than 5 weeks) and long-term unemployed (over 26 weeks). Prior to this year, the record for that ratio was 0.784 -- hit in March of 1983, and the average since 1960 is 0.369. A year ago, it stood at 0.713. In September, it rose to 1.833 from 1.648 in August. The history of this ratio is shown in the graph below.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1254504640.bmp" alt="" /><br />
<br />
In total, 5.44 million people have been out of work for more than 26 weeks, up from 4.99 million in August, and just 2.04 million a year ago. There is some good news in that the number of short-term unemployed is actually down for two months in a row, falling to 2.97 million from 3.03 million in August, and up only slightly from 2.86 million a year ago. This would indicate to me that the pace of layoffs is not as high as it was, but that once unemployed it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a new job.<br />
<br />
Right now, it is less a question of high employment destruction than it is an extremely low level of employment creation. In good times and bad both happen, and the employment numbers measure the difference between the two. But the evidence seems to suggest that low employment creation is at the core of the problem right now.<br />
<br />
The increase in unemployment was widespread across all demographic groups except Hispanics, who saw their unemployment rate drop 0.3% to 12.7%. Whites saw a 0.1% increase to 9.0% and Blacks saw a 0.3% increase to 15.4%. Teen unemployment rose 0.4 points to 25.9%. Unemployment among adult men rose 0.2 points to 10.3% and among women it was up 0.2 points to 7.8%.<br />
<br />
Job losses were also widespread by economic sector, with employment in goods-producing industries falling by 116,000. That was split between a 64,000 decline in construction jobs and a 51,000 decline in manufacturing jobs. Since the start of the recession we have lost 1.5 million construction jobs and 2.1 million manufacturing jobs. We lost 147,000 service sector jobs on the month, including 39,000 in Retail.<br />
<br />
The only sector of the economy that was adding jobs was -- surprise, surprise -- Education and Health, and I&#8217;ll bet it was mostly health, which added 3,000 jobs. Even the Government is laying off lots of people, mostly at the state and local level. Overall, government employment fell by 53,000 for the month, including 24,000 at the municipal level.<br />
<br />
In general, this was a very disappointing report, well below the consensus expectations of a loss of only 180,000, but the disappointment runs much deeper than that -- the internal measures within the report were, if anything, even worse than the depressing headline numbers.<br />
<br />
While I still think the economy is technically out of the recession, we are probably entering a long period of a jobless anemic recovery. The graph below (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows how the last two recessions were very different from earlier ones, with very slow recoveries in the labor market. Even though both the 1990 and 2001 recessions were very mild in terms of the percentage of overall employment, they were the two longest in terms of the number of months to surpass the previous employment peak (passing back above the 0% line).<br />
<br />
This recession is the worst of both worlds. We just surpassed the 1948 (WWII demobilization) downturn in terms of the percentage of total jobs lost (the year-over-year change in the first graph understates things since the decline in employment has been going on now for 21 months). However, the 1948 downturn had just about recovered all of the jobs lost by the 21st month, while we are still falling. The 1990 recession took 30 months to get employment back to where it started. The pathetic recovery after the 2001 recession took 46 months -- almost 4 years to get back to jobs breaking even.<br />
<br />
It seems entirely possible that we might not get back to a new record high in total employment until 2015 or so, if this recovery follows a similar path to the previous two. The economic imbalances going into this recession were far more severe than in 1990 or 2001, which would argue for an even slower, more gradual recovery.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1254504656.jpg" alt="" /><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=BAC">Read the full analyst report on "BAC"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=JPM">Read the full analyst report on "JPM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=WFC">Read the full analyst report on "WFC"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FNM">Read the full analyst report on "FNM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FRE">Read the full analyst report on "FRE"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Employment Report in Depth &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
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		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/employment-report-in-depth-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:41:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/24501/Employment+Report+in+Depth+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
By just about any measure, this has been the worst recession since the Great Depression. While I think we are coming out of it, the employment market is the last thing to turn, particularly if we follow the pattern of the last two recessions and their aftermath.<br />
<br />
We have seen a steady pattern of lower job losses since January, when we hemorrhaged over 700,000 jobs in that single month. August&#8217;s loss of 216,000 is sure an improvement over that, and is even a big improvement over the 276,000 lost in July, which in turn was a huge improvement over the 463,000 lost in June.<br />
<br />
It is, however, not good enough -- the economy needs to add jobs, not just avoid losing them. Every year, the workforce grows by a little over a million, so just to stay even we should be adding about 100,000 a month. To recoup the 6.9 million jobs lost since December 2007, it will have to be much, much higher than that. Historically, though, the participation rate falls as we go into a recession, but then starts to increase as the recovery begins.<br />
<br />
Just how bad has this recession been versus other recessions? I think the following graph (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows it very clearly. In raw numbers of jobs lost, it simply blows away anything since the end of WWII -- but then again, the country is a lot larger now than it was then.<br />
<br />
However, even when measured as a percent of jobs at the peak of the cycle, only one recession, that in 1948, even rivals it. Then we were winding down from WWII, no longer putting people to work building battleships and tanks and the GI&#8217;s were coming home -- so in some respects, those job losses were a good thing, or mostly represented friction in the transition to a peacetime economy. Further, by this point, that recession had already recovered all the jobs lost.<br />
<br />
By contrast, this time we have yet to bottom out. Also, look at the historical pattern of the amount of time it has taken to get back to square one:<br />
<br />
It took a little over two years to recover from the deep 1981 downturn. In the 2001 downturn, it took us almost four years from the start of the recession to get back to the number of jobs at the start of the recession. In the 1990 recession it took almost three years. This is despite both of those more recent recessions being extremely short and mild in terms of the length and depth of the decline in GDP.<br />
<br />
It is very possible that it could take until 2015 before we pass the previous peak of 138.2 million jobs in the economy set in December 2007.<br />
 <br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1252077693.jpg" alt="" /><br />
 <br />
We now have 14.9 million unemployed, an increase of 466,000 in just the month of August and of 7.4 million since the recession started. Note the difference between the increase in the number of unemployed and the number of jobs lost.<br />
<br />
Part of that is due to the numbers coming from two separate surveys. However, it does have a lot to do with the behavior of the unemployment rate. In July, the unemployment rate fell to 9.4% from 9.5% despite the economy losing 276,000 jobs as people were feeling too discouraged to even look for work.<br />
<br />
The drop in the unemployment rate was clearly a bit of an anomaly, but it was an extreme representation of that change in the participation rate I was talking about. If the labor force is growing (in terms of people in normal employment ages) by a million a year, and the recession has now been going on for 20 months, then why is the difference between the number of jobs lost and the number of unemployed only 500,000?<br />
<br />
Some of it may have to do with multiple job holders. If you are holding down three jobs, you are only counted as employed once, and if you lose one of them you are still counted as employed, but your three jobs still count as three jobs in the establishment survey.<br />
<br />
However, part of it is due to the &#8220;there are no jobs out there, so why waste gas driving around trying to find them" effect. In that respect, the fact that the number of unemployed rose by 250,000 more than the number of jobs lost in August is actually good news (well, at least a silver lining in a very dark cloud) since it indicates that people are thinking it is time to get off the couch and start looking for work again.<br />
<br />
Don&#8217;t get to hung up on the precise numbers, since coming from two different surveys there is plenty of room for statistical discrepancies, but a quarter of a million differential in a single month is too big to be just from such discrepancies.<br />
<br />
While the 9.7% (U-3) rate is the one that gets all the headlines, it counts you as employed even if you used to work 40 hours a week, but due to the recession your employer has cut you back to only 10 hours a week. Yeah you still have a job, but you aren&#8217;t working much.<br />
<br />
A broader measure of unemployment, which includes people working part-time for economic reasons (as opposed to, say, a teen working part time after school) and people marginally attached to the labor force (have not looked in the last 4 weeks because of say family responsibilities, but would be happy to take a job if one were available) showed an even bigger jump, rising from 16.3% in July to 16.8% in August. There were 9.1 million involuntary part-time workers and 2.3 million marginally attached workers in August.<br />
<br />
There was a little bit of good news on the duration of unemployment front -- the average length of time people were out of work dropped to 24.9 weeks in August from 25.1 weeks in July. That is still a seriously ugly number, though; a year ago it was at 17.6 weeks.<br />
<br />
Similarly, the median duration of unemployment dropped to 15.4 weeks from 15.7 weeks in July, but is still well above the 9.3 week level a year ago. Keep in mind that a year ago the recession had already been going on for as long as each of the previous two recessions lasted.<br />
<br />
Those changes, however, were driven by changes in the middle of the unemployment duration distribution. The number of people out of work between 5 and 14 weeks rose sharply, to 4.120 million from 3.557 million in July, while the number of people out of work between 15 and 26 weeks dipped to 2.828 million from 2.916 million. <br />
<br />
Of particular concern are those that have been out of work for more than 26 weeks, since that is when regular state unemployment benefits run out. That number is still rising, but more slowly than it has been, up to 4.988 million from 4.965 million in July.<br />
<br />
One measure I like to look at is the ratio of the long-term unemployed to the number of short-term unemployed (less than five weeks). The history of that ratio is shown in the graph below.<br />
<br />
This recession is simply in a whole different league than any other recession we have had. In August, the ratio was 1.65, up from 1.54 in July. A year ago it stood at 0.58, which was already elevated by historical standards. Prior to this downturn, the highest it had ever reached was 0.78 in February of 1983.  If we exclude the last year, the average since 1960 is 0.35.<br />
<br />
Most of the almost five million long-term unemployed are getting emergency extended benefits paid for by the Federal Government as part of the stimulus package. However, those do not last forever, and by the end of the year they are expected to run out for almost 1.5 million people. Those are people who are going to have to get their groceries from the food bank rather than <strong>Kroger&#8217;s</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/kr">KR</a>) and their clothes from the Salvation Army rather than from <strong>Wal-Mart</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wmt">WMT</a>).<br />
 <br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1252077703.jpg" alt="" /><br />
 <br />
The recession has not hit all demographic groups equally. As usual, it has hit the more underprivileged people hardest. The unemployment rate rose for all major demographic segments in August, but there are vast differences in the levels of unemployment.<br />
<br />
Teens have the highest rate at 25.5%, up 1.7 points on the month. Blacks have a 15.1% unemployment rate (up 0.6 points) while Hispanics have a 13.0% rate (up 0.7 points), while the unemployment rate for Whites is 8.9% (up 0.3 points).<br />
<br />
The one exception to the normal pattern of under-privilege and unemployment is that this downturn has been much harder on men than on women. The adult male unemployment rate now stands at 10.1% (up 0.3 points) while for women it is &#8220;only" 7.6% (up 0.1 points). A year ago, the rate for men stood at 5.8%, while for women it was at 5.3%.   <br />
<br />
The recession also points out the age-old wisdom of staying in school. It holds in good times and in bad, but especially in bad times. The unemployment rate for HS dropouts is now at 15.6% up from 9.7% a year ago. For high school grads, it is now 9.7% vs. 5.8% a year ago. For those who have some college or got a 2 year degree, it is at 8.2%, up from 5.0% a year ago, and for those with a bachelors or better the unemployment rate is now 4.7%, up from 2.7% last year.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=KR">Read the full analyst report on "KR"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=WMT">Read the full analyst report on "WMT"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Unemployment Rate Falls &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/unemployment-rate-falls-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/unemployment-rate-falls-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2009 16:53:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/23349/Unemployment+Rate+Falls+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
The jobs report this morning was much better than expected and marks a very serious improvement from where we were just a few months ago. Not only did the number of jobs lost fall to 247,000 in July, but the unemployment rate (U-3) declined to 9.4% from 9.5%. The consensus expectation was that the number of jobs lost would be about 325,000 and that the U-3 unemployment rate would be 9.6%.<br />
<br />
In addition, there were also positive revisions to both June and May, with &#8220;only" 303,000 jobs lost in June rather than the 322,000 originally reported. May was revised to a loss of 443,000 jobs from a loss of 467,000.<br />
<br />
While it is hard to celebrate almost a  quarter of a million Americans being thrown out of work in a single month, it sure beats 670,000 jobs we were losing on average from November through March. It is just one third the peak job loss of 741,000 in January. It is also the first time the unemployment rate has fallen in 14 months.<br />
<br />
The graph below (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows the history of the unemployment rate and the year-over-year rate of job growth. Keep in mind that the job losses have been going on for well over a year now, so the starting point is depressed now much more than it was in earlier recessions.<br />
 <br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1249662760.JPG" alt="" /><br />
 <br />
The decline in the unemployment rate was also seen at the broader U-6 level, which includes people working part-time because they can't get full-time work and "discouraged" workers. It fell to 16.3% from 16.5%.<br />
<br />
The overall decline in the U-3 unemployment rate was seen in almost all major demographic groups with the exception of Hispanics, where the rate ticked up to 12.3% from 12.2%. However, in June Hispanics saw a large improvement from the May level of 12.7%. In July, the unemployment rate for men fell to 9.8% from 10.0%, for women to 7.5% from 7.6%, for whites to 8.6% from 8.7% and for blacks to 14.5% from 14.7%. Teens saw their unemployment rate fall to 23.8% from 24.0%.<br />
<br />
Other more subtle measures also showed some improvement. The average work week rose to 33.1 hours from 33.0 hours. That might not sound like a big deal, but multiply that 0.1 hour across the 131.5 million workers in the country, and it is the equivalent of tens of thousands of jobs.<br />
<br />
In Manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.3 hours to 39.8 hours. This is an encouraging sign, since when business picks up the first thing an employer is likely to do is increase the hours of its existing staff (especially if those hours had been drastically cut back) rather than go out an hire new people.<br />
<br />
In terms of the length of unemployment, the news was mixed. The median duration of unemployment fell a rather dramatic 2.2 weeks to 15.7 weeks, partially reversing the huge rise of three full weeks in June. However, the average duration rose to 25.1 weeks from 24.5 weeks.<br />
<br />
The actual total number of people who are unemployed fell to 14.46 million from 14.73 million in June, and we are below the 14.51 million level in May. There has been a big decline in the number of mid-duration unemployed, with those out of work between 5 and 14 weeks falling to 3.557 million from 4.066 million June, and those out of work between 15 and 26 weeks declining to 2.916 million from 3.452 million. There was a small increase in the number of short-term unemployed, rising by 29,000 to 3.233 million. <br />
<br />
The big problem is the number of long-term unemployed in this cycle. The number of people who are out of work for 27 weeks or more is now at 4.965 million, up from 4.381 million in June and from 1.718 million a year ago. After 26 weeks, regular state unemployment benefits run out. Some of these people are receiving extended benefits that were part of the stimulus package.<br />
<br />
However, those will not last forever, and having no income whatsoever is a pretty good path to some serious poverty. Those who claim that the stimulus bill is not helping should go talk to someone who has been out of work for 30 weeks now, and ask if it has made a difference in their lives.<br />
<br />
Before April of this year, the number of long-term unemployed had never exceeded of the number of short-term unemployed. Now we are at 154% of short-term unemployed, up from 137% in June. The graph below (also from http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/) shows the history of long-term unemployment both in raw numbers and as a percent of the labor force.<br />
 <br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1249662784.JPG" alt="" /><br />
 <br />
Still, before getting too giddy about this report, keep in mind that since the recession started the economy has lost 6.66 million jobs -- 5.7 million over the last year alone.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, even though we are losing jobs at a slower pace, the losses are very widespread by sector. In July we lost 128,000 goods producing jobs, including 76,000 in construction and 52,000 in manufacturing. The service sector lost 119,000 jobs including 44,000 retail jobs, 38,000 in professional and business services and 22,000 in transportation. The financial services industry lost 13,000 jobs in the month.<br />
<br />
The only places adding jobs were health care (+20,000), leisure and hospitality (+9,000) and government (+7,000).  All in all, it paints a picture where the layoffs are stopping but the hiring has not yet begun. Part of the reason is for the participation rate of the population in the workforce has fallen, with the size of the workforce (employed plus unemployed) actually falling to 154.4 million from 154.9 million in June, despite a 220,000 increase in the civilian population.<br />
<br />
As a result, the participation rate fell to 65.5% from 65.7% in June and 65.9% in May. This sort of casts a shadow on things, since if people are really optimistic about the job market they tend to join the labor force, not quit it (for example, decide not to take early retirement or a stay-at-home mom deciding to get a job). The overall employment rate continues to fall, down to 59.4% from 59.5% in June and 62.3% a year ago.<br />
<br />
Overall, I found this to be a very encouraging report, especially when you consider where we were coming from. Back when the debate over the Stimulus Bill was going on, I don&#8217;t think anybody thought we would be able to cut the rate of job losses by 2/3 in just six months.<br />
<br />
We are not in a recovery yet, but we are getting a lot closer. This has the potential to be good for a huge cross-section of companies. More jobs means better credit performance (relative to what it otherwise would be) for banks like <strong>J.P. Morgan</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/jpm">JPM</a>), it means better sales for retailers from <strong>Wal-Mart</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wmt">WMT</a>) to <strong>Saks </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/sks">SKS</a>). It means higher demand for industrial metals like copper, benefiting miners like<strong> Freeport McMoRan</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fcx">FCX</a>) and most likely higher demand for energy, benefiting everyone from <strong>Exxon</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/xom">XOM</a>) on down.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=JPM">Read the full analyst report on "JPM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=WMT">Read the full analyst report on "WMT"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=SKS">Read the full analyst report on "SKS"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FCX">Read the full analyst report on "FCX"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=XOM">Read the full analyst report on "XOM"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Here’s Why You Need to Be a Dollar Bull Today</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/here%e2%80%99s-why-you-need-to-be-a-dollar-bull-today/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/here%e2%80%99s-why-you-need-to-be-a-dollar-bull-today/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 21:34:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=18653</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pWorld trade experiencing a “huge drop”, according to the World Trade Organization.  Rather than the gloomy 9% predicted earlier this year, volume will likely contract by 10%./p
pWTO Director General Pascal Lamy, told Reuters Television:/p
blockquotepThat#8217;s the situation and I#8217;m afraid I can#8217;t read any good news in my trade numbers./p/blockquote
pThis news doesn’t bode well for any type of recovery. #8220;Jobs picture turns gloomier#8221; say the headlines. The U.S. unemployment rate officially popped up to 9.5% as nonfarm payrolls shed 467,000 jobs in June. The market is tanking today on this #8220;brown shoot#8221;#8230; But the real story is far worse. And as reality seeps into the empty head of Joe Investor it could spell the end for the post-2008 wipe-out sucker#8217;s rally#8230;/p
pAs#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Another Ugly Jobs Report &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/another-ugly-jobs-report-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/another-ugly-jobs-report-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 15:34:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/21770/Another+Ugly+Jobs+Report+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />In June, the economy dropped 467,000 jobs, bringing the official (U-3) unemployment rate up to 9.5%, its highest level since the recession of the early 1980's. In some ways this was a mirror image of the May report, which featured a relatively small decline in jobs (-322,000 revised from an original read of -345,000) but a big jump in the U-3 unemployment rate to 9.4% from 8.9% in April.<br /><br />June had a much bigger-than-expected loss of jobs (consensus was -367,000), but only a small 0.1% rise in the unemployment rate. The more comprehensive U-6 unemployment rate, which counts discouraged workers and those working part-time because they can't find full time jobs, also rose by 0.1% to 16.5%. A year ago the U-6 rate was 10.1%, so it is up 6.4 points, vs. a 3.9 point rise in the U-3 rate over the last year.<br /><br />The chart below (from <a target="_self" href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows the history of the unemployment rate and the year-over-year rate of jobs growth. While the Reagan Era recession was worse in terms of the unemployment rate (at least to this point), the current downturn has been much worse in terms of actual job losses.<br /><br /><img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1246543538.jpg" alt="" /><br /><br />The reason for the small rise in the unemployment rate is that the size of the labor force declined by 155,000 while the number of people not in the workforce increased by 358,000.<br /><br />There were several other weak elements to this report. The length of the average workweek declined by 0.1 hours to 33.0. While that does not sound like much, when you multiply it by 140.2 million people who are still employed in the country, it adds up to a lot of hours. A year ago the average work week was 33.6 hours. In effect there has been a slight amount of job sharing going on with employers cutting back the hours of everybody to avoid laying off as many people as possible.<br /><br />Another way to look at this is the ratio of employment-to-population, or the employment rate, which is down to 59.5% -- a decline of 3.2 points since the recession started in December 2007. This is the lowest percentage of Americans working since April 1984.<br /><br />This downturn has been particularly bad in terms of employment losses and the duration of the losses. The second graph (also from <a target="_self" href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>) shows the percentage decline in employment from the peak for this downturn versus every previous one since the end of WWII. The only downturn that produced a greater percentage decline in jobs was in 1948, when we were shifting away from wartime production. The only more persistent downturn was the relatively shallow one of 2001. <br /><br /><img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1246543589.jpg" alt="" /><br /><br />Even for those who still have a job, things are not good. Average hourly earnings were unchanged for the month, and with a lower workweek that means that average weekly earnings were down by $1.85. While that is not huge, it does mean that people are not going to be keeping up with inflation.<br /><br />With less money in their pockets and a change in attitude that favors more savings at the margin, people are going to be shopping less. This seems to me likely to affect some of the mid-range stores more than the discounters or those involved in the carriage trade. I see the continued weak employment situation as a big negative for some of the mall occupants like <span style="font-weight: bold;">The Gap </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gps">GPS</a>), <span style="font-weight: bold;">Limited</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/ltd">LTD</a>) and the anchors like <span style="font-weight: bold;">J.C. Penney</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/jcp">JCP</a>) and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Macy's </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/m">M</a>).<br /><br />I will have more analysis of this report later on. <br /><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GPS">Read the full analyst report on "GPS"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=LTD">Read the full analyst report on "LTD"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=JCP">Read the full analyst report on "JCP"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=M">Read the full analyst report on "M"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Jim Davidson Explains Why Unemployment Is Actually 16.4%</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/jim-davidson-explains-why-unemployment-is-actually-16-4/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 20:03:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=18568</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pLong-suffering readers will be aware of our low opinion here at emNotes/em of government economic statistics. The truth of the matter is that many of them are fudged. Don’t just take our word for it. According to Kevin Philips, former Republican Party strategist and author of emBad Money,/em “Ever since the 1960s, Washington has gulled its citizens and creditors by debasing official statistics, the vital instruments with which the muscle and vitality of the American economy are measured.”/p
pTake the Consumer Price Index, a widely used measure of inflation. It tracks inflation in part by comparing a basket of commonly consumed goods over the years./p
pGovernments don’t like inflation. So they simply pull a fast one on Joe Public and swap the goods in the basket as#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Unemployment Numbers – Fake, or Really, Really Fake?</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/unemployment-numbers-%e2%80%93-fake-or-really-really-fake/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2009 16:18:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Investment U</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.investmentu.com/IUEL/2009/June/unemployment-numbers.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Unemployment Numbers – Fake, or Really, Really Fake?
Ryan Cole, The Investment U Research Team
The latest  unemployment numbers just came out, and they weren’t too good. Job losses,  which had been slowing down for over a month, increased in speed again. The  official unemployment rate, standing at 9.4%, looks set to increase when [...]]]></description>
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		<title>How Unemployment Breaks Down &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/how-unemployment-breaks-down-analyst-blog/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 18:17:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/20815/How+Unemployment+Breaks+Down+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
<em><strong>Unemployment his some groups harder than others</strong></em><br />
<br />
The monthly jobs report was much better than expected. I will not go over the basic headline numbers, but <a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/20800/Big%2C+Positive+Surprise+in+Jobs+Data">if you want to see them go here</a>. The picture is still pretty ugly, though, even if not quite as bad as had been feared, as shown in the graph below (from <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/">http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/</a>).<br />
<br />
There is a lot of important data in the report that is generally not widely discussed. First is the disparate impact that this recession has had by gender. Men have been absolutely slammed by it, with the adult male unemployment rate now at 9.8%, up from 9.4% last month. The unemployment rate for women also increased by 0.4%, but only reached 7.5%. A year ago, the unemployment rates were almost the same between the sexes, at 4.8% for Women and 5.0% for Men.<br />
<br />
Adult men are still more likely to be employed than adult women -- there are still far more stay at home Moms than stay at home Dads. However, the percentage of adult men with a job is down to 68.0% from 71.9% a year ago, a drop of 3.9%. The percentage of adult women with a job (a paying one out of the home, that is) is now 56.5% vs. 58.1%, a drop of only 1.6%. To some extent the difference in the absolute employment rate is affected by the greater life expectancy of women as well, but the year-over-year change is not affected by this.<br />
<br />
The recession has also been tough on teens of both sexes, with their unemployment rate rising to 22.7% in May from 21.5% in April and 18.9% a year ago. Just 29.8% of teens are working vs. 34.4% a year ago. While teen jobs are not as important in terms of families being able to pay the mortgage, they are important in giving young people exposure to the labor market. The high teen unemployment rate is also not good news for retailers like <strong>Abercrombie &#38; Fitch </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/anf">ANF</a>) and <strong>American Eagle </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/aeo">AEO</a>), which cater to teens.<br />
<br />
Minorities have also been hit hard, although there was some improvement for African Americans this month as the unemployment rate ticked down to 14.9% from 15.0% in April, but it is up from 9.7% a year ago. Hispanics were hard hit this month with the unemployment rate jumping to 12.7% from 11.3% last month and 7.0% a year ago. Keep in mind these are the "official" unemployment numbers (U-3) for the groups.<br />
<br />
If one includes discouraged workers and people working part time since they can&#8217;t find full-time work, the situation is much bleaker. Nationwide, the unemployment rate measured that way (U-6) is 16.4%, not the 9.4% U-3 rate, and it rose even more, jumping from 15.8% in April and 9.8% a year ago. Unfortunately the U-6 numbers are not broken down by ethnic, gender or age.<br />
<br />
Part of the hit to men rather than women has to do with the industries that are losing the most jobs. This month, Manufacturing jobs fell by 156,000 and Construction jobs fell by 59,000. Over the last year, employment in Construction has dropped by almost a million jobs, representing 13.6% of those from a year ago.<br />
<br />
Keep in mind that the decline in Construction jobs has been going on much longer than for the rest of the economy. They peaked out in December 2006 at 7.737 million, and are now down to 6.303 million. Similarly, Manufacturing has been very hard hit, losing 156,000 jobs in the month and a drop of 1.57 million over the last year. Factory jobs have been in a long-term secular decline in the country, so it is hard to even figure out when to point to as a top for this cycle.<br />
<br />
In contrast, Education and Health Services has consistently added jobs through this downturn, adding 44,000 this month alone and 417 over the last year. There is a far higher percentage of women teachers and nurses (and doctors, for that matter) than there is of women construction and factory workers.<br />
<br />
In addition to the unemployment rate, it is also important to keep track of the employment rate, or the percentage of all people who have jobs. That fell to 59.7% in May, down from 59.9% in April and 62.5% a year ago.<br />
<br />
This is the lowest percentage of Americans holding a job since October 1984. One way or another, people with jobs support most of those (aside from the idle rich) who don&#8217;t have a job, and it is easier to do if more people have jobs.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1244220367.JPG" alt="" /><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=ANF">Read the full analyst report on "ANF"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=AEO">Read the full analyst report on "AEO"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Unemployment Hits 8.9% &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/unemployment-hits-89-analyst-blog/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2009 17:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/19995/Unemployment+Hits+8.9%25+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><em>We highlight General Motors Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>), Lear Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/lea">LEA</a>) and TRW Automotive Holdings Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/trw">TRW</a>).</em><br />
<br />
The April jobs report came in somewhat better than expected with a loss of "only" 539,000 jobs. Due to growth in the labor force, the total number of people who are unemployed rose by 563,000.<br />
<br />
This good news was offset by upward revisions to the February and March lost jobs figures, totaling 66,000. The unemployment rate rose to 8.9% from 8.5% in March (U-3).<br />
<br />
There was mixed news in the details of the report. On the plus side, the broader U-6 measure of unemployment, which includes discouraged workers and those working part time for economic reasons, only rose to 15.8% from 15.6% in March. This was a much smaller rise that we saw in either of the last two months (February, up 0.9 points, March up 0.8 points).<br />
<br />
Other things were not as comforting. The biggest area of job gains was in the Federal Government, mostly due to hiring for the upcoming census. Private sector employment was down by 611,000.<br />
<br />
As I pointed out <a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/19109/Changing+Nature+of+Unemployment">in a previous blog</a>, the amount of time people are out of work is lengthening. The number of people out of work for more than 27 weeks rose by 498,000, or by 88% of the total increase in unemployment.<br />
<br />
The consequences of being out of work for more than six month are substantially different than for being out of work for a few weeks. Since the start of the recession in December 2007, the number of long term unemployed has almost tripled to 3.7 million. Currently, the long-term unemployed make up 27.2% of the total unemployed, an all-time record (or at least since the data became available) up from 17.9% of the unemployed a year ago. In contrast, those out of work for 14 weeks or less now make up just 54.1% of the jobless, down from 65.4% a year ago.<br />
<br />
Once again, the losses were widespread throughout the economy. The goods producing sector shed 270,000 jobs, or which 110,000 were in Construction and 149,000 were in Manufacturing. Relative to the average for the fourth quarter of 2008, the total number of goods producing jobs is off by 7.5%.<br />
<br />
The service sector lost 269,000 jobs including 47,000 in Retail, 122,000 in business and professional Services, and Leisure and hospitality down by 44,000 jobs. Those losses were partially offset by gains of 15,000 in Education and Health, and by 72,000 Government jobs. The service sector is, of course, much larger than the goods-producing sector. Relative to the average of the fourth quarter of last year, total employment in the sector is down 1.5%.<br />
<br />
Demographically there have been wide disparities in how hard different groups have been hit in this downturn. Most notably, men are taking it on the chin (partly because they are much more likely to be employed in the goods-producing jobs than are women). The unemployment rate for adult men now stands at 9.4%, up from 8.8% in March and 8.1% in February. A year ago, the unemployment rate for men was just 4.7%.<br />
<br />
Women on the other hand are holding on to their jobs (relatively speaking) with an unemployment rate of 7.1%, up from 7.0% in March and 6.7% in February. A year ago the unemployment rate for women was 4.3%. As is usually the case in recessions, Teenagers, Blacks and Hispanics have be hit harder than adult Whites.<br />
<br />
For Teens, however, the unemployment rate is leveling off at a very high level. In April, it was 21.5%, up from 15.4% a year ago, but actually down slightly from February (21.6%) and March (21.7%). For Blacks, the unemployment rate rose to 15.0% from 13.3% in March and 8.8% a year ago. For Black Men, the rate is now 17.4%. For Hispanics, the unemployment rate dipped slightly to 11.3% in April from 11.4% in March, but is up from 7.0% a year ago.<br />
<br />
While there are some tentative signs that the rate of decline in the labor market is slowing, most notably the drop in initial claims, I still remain worried that this progress could be erased if <strong>General Motors</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>) goes bankrupt. This will cause many of its suppliers major headaches, like <strong>Lear </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/lea">LEA</a>) and <strong>TRW Automotive</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/trw">TRW</a>), causing major additional layoffs at those firms. Still, there are reasons for cautious optimism in this jobs report.</p><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GM">Read the full analyst report on "GM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=LEA">Read the full analyst report on "LEA"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TRW">Read the full analyst report on "TRW"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Ben Testifies, We Interpret &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2009 17:32:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/19850/Ben+Testifies%2C+We+Interpret+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<span style="font-style: italic;">Highlights include General Motors Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>), Fannie Mae (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fnm">FNM</a>), Freddie Mac (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fre">FRE</a>), Fifth Third Bancorp (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fitb">FITB</a>) and Regions Financial (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/rf">RF</a>).</span><br /><br />Below is a long excerpt from Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke's <span style="font-style: italic;">prepared remarks for today's testimony</span> before the joint economic committee. I intersperse my comments and interpretation between paragraphs.<br /><br />Unlike his predecessor, Bernanke actually speaks in language that most people can understand. However, there are a number of things that deserve further explanation.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"The U.S. economy has contracted sharply since last autumn, with real gross domestic product (GDP) having dropped at an annual rate of more than 6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of this year. Among the enormous costs of the downturn is the loss of some 5 million payroll jobs over the past 15 months.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"The most recent information on the labor market -- the number of new and continuing claims for unemployment insurance through late April -- suggests that we are likely to see further sizable job losses and increased unemployment in coming months."</span><br /><br />We would note that there is some tentative good news on the labor front in the form of the four-week moving average of new claims turning down. The news is not good enough yet to claim that the recession is over, but it is a hopeful sign.<br /><br />It remains to be seen if the recent bankruptcy of Chrysler and the possible bankruptcy of <span style="font-weight: bold;">General Motors</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>) will result in the new claims number turning back up. New claims are released every Thursday morning -- it is a number that I will be watching very closely.<br /><br />However, just because the rate of new claims declines that does not mean that the unemployment rate will follow. Continuing claims continue to soar, which indicates that while firms may be slightly slowing the rate that they are laying off workers, they have not started to hire. There is better than 50-50 chance that we see double-digit unemployment (U-3) before this is all over.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"However, the recent data also suggest that the pace of contraction may be slowing, and they include some tentative signs that final demand, especially demand by households, may be stabilizing. Consumer spending, which dropped sharply in the second half of last year, grew in the first quarter.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"In coming months, households' spending power will be boosted by the fiscal stimulus program, and we have seen some improvement in consumer sentiment. Nonetheless, a number of factors are likely to continue to weigh on consumer spending, among them the weak labor market and the declines in equity and housing wealth that households have experienced over the past two years. In addition, credit conditions for consumers remain tight."</span><br /><br />It is true that consumer spending was much stronger than expected in the first quarter. The stimulus program should help a bit going forward. Still, there is an intense need to rebuild the savings rate. That which is saved is by definition not spent. It is hard to save when you are out of work, have had your hours cut, or your pay cut.<br /><br />The retirement nest eggs of the whole baby boomer generation have been devastated just as they approach the point where they will want to start to retire. I have my doubts about the sustainability of the higher consumer spending. Most of the strength in the first quarter was actually in January, and reflected in part, a very large cost of living increase in Social Security payments. That is unlikely to be repeated next year.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"The housing market, which has been in decline for three years, has also shown some signs of bottoming. Sales of existing homes have been fairly stable since late last year, and sales of new homes have firmed a bit recently, though both remain at depressed levels. Although some of the boost to sales in the market for existing homes is likely coming from foreclosure-related transactions, the increased affordability of homes appears to be contributing more broadly to the steadying in the demand for housing.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"In particular, the average interest rate on conforming 30-year fixed-rate mortgages has dropped almost 1-3/4 percentage points since August, to about 4.8 percent. With sales of new homes up a bit and starts of single-family homes little changed from January through March, builders are seeing the backlog of unsold new homes decline--a precondition for any recovery in homebuilding."</span><br /><br />Increased sales activity does not mean that prices are likely to rise anytime soon. There is another huge wave of foreclosures going on right now due to the removal of foreclosure hiatus programs by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Fannie Mae </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fnm">FNM</a>) and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Freddie Mac</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fre">FRE</a>) as well as some of the big banks. This means that there is still lots of distressed inventory in the pipeline.<br /><br />Without a doubt, near record low interest rates have helped mitigate the situation. However the bigger effect has been in refinancing of existing mortgages. This is probably a significant factor in the stronger-than-expected consumer spending.<br /><br />In contrast to the somewhat better news in the household sector, the available indicators of business investment remain extremely weak. Spending for equipment and software fell at an annual rate of about 30 percent in both the fourth and first quarters, and the level of new orders remains below the level of shipments, suggesting further near-term softness in business equipment spending.<br /><br />Recent business surveys have been a bit more positive, but surveyed firms are still reporting net declines in new orders and restrained capital spending plans. Our recent survey of bank loan officers reported further weakening of demand for commercial and industrial loans. The survey also showed that the net fraction of banks that tightened their business lending policies stayed elevated, although it has come down in the past two surveys.<br /><br />Spending on equipment and software has collapsed for a very good reason -- namely that the existing capacity is not being used. Why should a company buy a new lathe when they have ten of them sitting and gathering dust on the shop floor?<br /><br />Investment is always a much more volatile part of GDP than consumer or government spending. When it starts to go up, it could go up very significantly. However, I do not expect that to happen any time soon. At the very least, we need to see capacity utilization get back up over 75% from the current 69.3% before we start to see any real pick up on business spending on equipment and software. Even 75% is a level that has historically indicated a very deep recession. Normal is about 80%.<br /><br />Conditions in the commercial real estate sector are poor. Vacancy rates for existing office, industrial, and retail properties have been rising, prices of these properties have been falling, and, consequently, the number of new projects in the pipeline has been shrinking.<br /><br />Yes, Commercial Real Estate (CRE) will be the big negative story this year, just as Residential Real Estate was the big negative economic story last year. There are thousands of small/medium sized banks ($1 to $10 billion in assets) that are very over exposed to CRE.<br /><br />As a result, the FDIC will be busy shutting down banks all year long, and well into 2010. When the stress tests come out I would expect that CRE will be a very significant issue and will probably end up requiring several of the regional banks in the tested 19, such as <span style="font-weight: bold;">Fifth Third Bancorp</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fitb">FITB</a>) and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Regions Financial </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/rf">RF</a>), to raise new capital, thus diluting the current shareholders.<br /><br />CRE will also be a drag on the economy, causing the recovery -- when it comes -- to be anemic, due to lower spending on non-residential structures. Fortunately, CRE tends to be a lagging indicator of the overall economy. Better to have lagging sectors falling apart than leading sectors.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">The Economic Outlook</span><br /><br />We continue to expect economic activity to bottom out, then to turn up later this year. Key elements of this forecast are our assessments that the housing market is beginning to stabilize and that the sharp inventory liquidation that has been in progress will slow over the next few quarters.<br /><br />Final demand should also be supported by fiscal and monetary stimulus. An important caveat is that our forecast assumes continuing gradual repair of the financial system; a relapse in financial conditions would be a significant drag on economic activity and could cause the incipient recovery to stall. I will provide a brief update on financial markets in a moment.<br /><br />While inventories of homes -- both new and used -- have started to decline, they still remain far too high. The current wave of foreclosures has the potential to significantly increase the inventory of existing homes for sale again. There is no reason to expect that construction of new homes will pick up any time in the near future. While only new housing activity really directly adds to GDP, I would view any increase in housing starts as a medium-term negative to the economy.<br /><br />There could be a bit of a rebound from other inventories. However, be careful in how it gets interpreted. Think about it this way: if a store usually sold 100 units per month and held 100 units in inventory, and then all of a sudden demand falls to 50 units, and stays there, then in the next month, they would have to drop their new orders to 0 from their previous 100.<br /><br />In reality, they probably would not do that (not being certain that the new level of demand would stay at 50). They might say drop their new orders to 25 in the first month, and then 30 in the next month, and 35 the month after that until they finally got to the point where they were holding 50 units of inventory for their new stable level of 50 units sold per month. Yes, going from 25 to 35 would look like a sustained recovery, even if total end demand remained at 50 forever.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"Even after a recovery gets underway, the rate of growth of real economic activity is likely to remain below its longer-run potential for a while, implying that the current slack in resource utilization will increase further. We expect that the recovery will only gradually gain momentum and that economic slack will diminish slowly. In particular, businesses are likely to be cautious about hiring, implying that the unemployment rate could remain high for a time, even after economic growth resumes."</span><br /><br />This will not be a V shaped recovery. At best we are looking at a U, and there is a very real possibility that we are looking at an L. After both of the last two recessions, unemployment remained high (and even rose) for a very long time after the recession formally ended. That is likely to be the case this time around as well.<br /><br />The "green shoots" that everyone has been talking about really mean that we are moving from the vertical portion of the U or the L, to the horizontal. They do not say if there will be a right-side vertical (forming the U), let alone when it will come.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"In this environment, we anticipate that inflation will remain low."</span><br /><br />For the time being, deflation remains a much bigger threat than inflation. This is mostly because the velocity of money has slowed dramatically. Remember the monetary equation for GDP: Money x Velocity = Price x Quantity. V has plunged, resulting in both Price (inflation) and Quantity (production) going down. The Fed has been desperately fighting this by increasing M. It does this by expanding its balance sheet.<br /><br />Historically, the Fed only had short term T-bills on the asset side of its balance sheet. This made it relatively easy to shrink the money supply by letting those bills roll off. Now not only do the Fed assets hold more credit risk, they are also have a much longer duration. By the end of the year, the Fed will own almost 25% of all the FNM/FRE backed paper in existence.<br /><br />If the Fed has to drain money from the system because V picks up, it will have to actually sell those securities, dramatically driving up mortgage rates. So through 2010, the danger is deflation; longer term, inflation remains a very significant threat.<br />
<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GM">Read the full analyst report on "GM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FRE">Read the full analyst report on "FRE"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FITB">Read the full analyst report on "FITB"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=RF">Read the full analyst report on "RF"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Fed Minutes Tick Down &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/fed-minutes-tick-down-analyst-blog/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2009 22:25:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/18982/Fed+Minutes+Tick+Down+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Highlights include General Motors Corp. (</span><a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a><span style="font-style: italic;">), Lear Corp. (</span><a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/lea">LEA</a><span style="font-style: italic;">), TRW Automotive Holdings, Inc. (</span><a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/trw">TRW</a><span style="font-style: italic;">), Wells Fargo &#38; Co. (</span><a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wfc">WFC</a><span style="font-style: italic;">) and Fifth Third Bancorp (</span><a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fitb">FITB</a><span style="font-style: italic;">).</span><br /><br />The Federal Reserve released the minutes from its meeting of March 17th and 18th. At the meeting, there was no changer in the Fed Funds rate (it is already effectively at zero and the LAST thing they would consider doing now is raising it), but they did decide to get more aggressive on buying long-term T-notes to expand the money supply (quantitative easing, or as Bernanke is now calling it, "credit easing").  
<p>The key "news" was that the staff economic forecasts are more downbeat than they were at the January meeting. Here is a key excerpt from the report:</p>  
<p style="font-style: italic;">"In the forecast prepared for the meeting, the staff <b>revised down its outlook for economic activity</b>. The <b>deterioration in labor market conditions was rapid in recent months</b>, with steep job losses across nearly all sectors. <b>Industrial production continued to contract rapidly</b> as firms responded to the falloff in demand and the buildup of some inventory overhangs.</p>  
<p style="font-style: italic;">"The incoming data on business spending suggested that <b>business investment in equipment and structures continued to decline</b>. Single-family housing starts had fallen to a post-World War II low in January, and demand for new homes remained weak.</p>  
<p style="font-style: italic;">"<b>Both exports and imports retreated significantly in the fourth quarter of last year and appeared headed for comparable declines this quarter</b>. Consumer outlays showed some signs of stabilizing at a low level, with real outlays for goods outside of motor vehicles recording gains in January and February...</p>  
<p style="font-style: italic;">"The <b>staff's projections for real GDP</b> in the second half of 2009 and in 2010 <b>were revised down</b>, with real GDP expected to flatten out gradually over the second half of this year and then to expand slowly next year as the stresses in financial markets ease, the effects of fiscal stimulus take hold, inventory adjustments are worked through, and the correction in housing activity comes to an end.</p>  
<p style="font-style: italic;">"The weaker trajectory of real output resulted in the <b>projected path of the unemployment rate rising more steeply</b> into early next year before flattening out at a high level over the rest of the year. The staff forecast for overall and core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation over the next two years was revised down slightly. Both core and overall PCE price inflation were expected to be damped by low rates of resource utilization, falling import prices, and easing cost pressures as a result of the sharp net declines in oil and other raw materials prices since last summer."</p>  
<p>They don't put a lot of numbers in, but this is the general scenario that I have been writing about for awhile now. We get a very shallow recovery starting in the fourth quarter, but it will still feel very much like a recession. That anemic recovery persists through 2010. Deflation is a bigger immediate threat than inflation (but inflation could be a big problem further out). Unemployment will likely continue rising through at least the middle of 2010, and will most likely hit double digits (on a U-3 or headline basis).</p>  
<p>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">General Motors </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>) goes bankrupt, it will drag under a slew of suppliers with it, companies like <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lear</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/lea">LEA</a>) and<span style="font-weight: bold;"> TRW</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/trw">TRW</a>). This would greatly exacerbate the economic weakness and probably cause unemployment to top 12% -- the highest level of headline unemployment since the Great Depression. When those who can only find part time work or become discouraged are thrown in to the mix, unemployment (U-6) could rise from its current 15.3% to well over 20% in such a scenario.</p>  
<p>It seems unlikely that U-3 unemployment will fall below 7% before early 2012. This is both a plausible scenario, and one that is far worse than the "Adverse Case" that the big bank stress tests are based on. The baseline case for the stress tests should be ignored entirely. A worsening economy will only mean more defaults and foreclosures, and more headaches for banks like <span style="font-weight: bold;">Wells Fargo </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wfc">WFC</a>) and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Fifth Third</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fitb">FITB</a>).</p><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GM">Read the full analyst report on "GM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=LEA">Read the full analyst report on "LEA"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TRW">Read the full analyst report on "TRW"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=WFC">Read the full analyst report on "WFC"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FITB">Read the full analyst report on "FITB"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Gov’t data fatally flawed! Real jobless rate hits 19.8%!</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/gov%e2%80%99t-data-fatally-flawed-real-jobless-rate-hits-198/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/gov%e2%80%99t-data-fatally-flawed-real-jobless-rate-hits-198/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2009 23:23:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin D. Weiss, Ph.D.</dc:creator>
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That's  how we figured out that the capital of savings and loans was grossly overstated  and that thousands of S&#38;Ls were ...]]></description>
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