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	<title>Stock Market News &#38; Stocks to Watch from StraightStocks &#187; Car Sales</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.straightstocks.com/tag/car-sales/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.straightstocks.com</link>
	<description>Leading Stock Market News, Opinions and Commentary</description>
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		<title>Ford Focuses on Brazil &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/ford-focuses-on-brazil-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/ford-focuses-on-brazil-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 22:31:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahiato]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazilian government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BRL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Camacari plant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car prices;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fiesta;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford Motor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sao Bernardo plant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sao Paulo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volkswagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/27558/Ford+Focuses+on+Brazil+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
<strong>Ford Motor</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/f">F</a>) has revealed its plan to invest R$4 billion ($2.26 billion) in order to benefit from government tax incentives and lower interest rates in Brazil that are fueling record sales. Presently, Ford is the fourth-largest automaker in the country.<br />
<br />
Ford has decided to spend R$2.8 billion at the Camacari plant -- a state-of-the-art plant in the northeastern state of Bahiato -- with the aim of increasing output by 20% to 300,000 vehicles a year. The plant produces the sport utility vehicle EcoSport and the Fiesta subcompact. The investment is expected to generate 1,000 jobs in the region. The remaining R$1.2 billion will be invested at Ford's factories in Sao Paulo including its Sao Bernardo plant and a testing facility in Tatui.<br />
<br />
So far, car sales in Brazil have been significantly helped by government tax incentives that lowered car prices and lured consumers to showrooms. But the tax breaks are scheduled to expire by the end of the year. However, the investment will allow Ford to achieve state and federal tax breaks from the Brazilian Government until 2015.<br />
<br />
Being the fourth-largest automaker in Brazil, the investment will no doubt help Ford strengthen its position to tap the huge market potential in the country, edging it past peers such as Italy's Fiat, Germany's Volkswagen and some Asian and French manufacturers. According to the Brazilian automobile dealers' association, automobile sales in the country are expected to grow by 9% in 2010.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=F">Read the full analyst report on "F"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Comments on the SARB leading indicator</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/comments-on-the-sarb-leading-indicator/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/comments-on-the-sarb-leading-indicator/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 06:44:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Prieur du Plessis</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car exports;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car sales data;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chief economist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[factory worker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[investment postcards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[job advertising space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[minister]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[passenger-car sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[recent steel output trends]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[retail]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sunday Times]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the SARB Quarterly Bulletin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Sunday Times;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.investmentpostcards.com/?p=13457</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[By Cees Bruggemans, Chief Economist FNB.
The SARB leading indicator peaked at 127.2 in March 2007, thereafter declining for two years, initially gradually during 2007 but acquiring freefall proportions in 2008.
This indicator hit a cyclical low of 105.3 in March 2009, thereafter rising very rapidly to 112.5 by August 2009.
Given the events of 2008 and early [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Today in Russian Business &#8211;  Nov 4, 2009</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/today-in-russian-business-nov-4-2009/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/today-in-russian-business-nov-4-2009/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 09:57:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Robert Amsterdam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Airline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AvtoVAZ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Development Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungarian government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Itar-Tass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[KamAZ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Magna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philippe Le Houerou]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prime Minister]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russian Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VEB]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vice President]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vladimir putin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:www.robertamsterdam.com,2009://1.22022</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After months of painstaking negotiations, GM has scrapped the Opel sale on the basis that it was 'no longer in the best interests of GM, now that the environment for car sales has started to improve', reports the Independent.&#160; The...]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Rise of the Rest</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/the-rise-of-the-rest/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/the-rise-of-the-rest/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 10:46:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Trading School</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emerging Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ABB;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Applied Materials Inc.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Austin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car market today]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cell Phones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chairman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coca Cola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Detroit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Director of Marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[editor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[equipment maker;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fareed Zakaria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infrastructure giant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iphone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jeff immelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jeffrey Immelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mark Mobius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[microsoft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nicholas A. Vardy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nicholas Vardy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Outsourcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[P.S. Emerging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pittsburgh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pittsburgh Medical Center]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Santa Clara]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silicon equipment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sp 500]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switzerland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Texas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Global Guru]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[TRADER]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Steel]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[United Kingdom]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[University of Pittsburgh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Western Europe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://club.ino.com:80/trading/?p=1734</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[One great thing about my position here as Director of Marketing is my extensive contact list. I say that because I have access to thousands of excellent traders, investors, and economists at my finger tips! So when things around the world catch my attention, I can quickly find someone who can give me the skinny [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Honda Tries for a Better Fit &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/honda-tries-for-a-better-fit-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/honda-tries-for-a-better-fit-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:16:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Accord]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alabama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda Motor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ohio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prime candidate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tokyo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. government;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/26512/Honda+Tries+for+a+Better+Fit+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
A stronger Japanese yen against the dollar may prompt <strong>Honda Motor </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/HMC">HMC</a>) to shift production of its Fit model from Japan to the U.S. This is mainly because Fit is one of the Honda&#8217;s models that attracted attention in the U.S. but are imported from Japan. However, the strengthening of yen against dollar to around 90 is narrowing down the company&#8217;s revenues in Japan upon translation. <br />
<br />
So far, Honda has focused on regional manufacturing strategy for its vehicles. The company produces about 80% of all the vehicles sold in the U.S. However, the 5-door hatchback Fit &#8211; introduced in Japan in 2001 and launched in the U.S. market in 2006 &#8211; is manufactured at a facility outside Tokyo. <br />
<br />
The model gained huge importance in the U.S. due to its fuel-efficiency (30 mpg). For the first nine months of the year, Fit sales in the U.S. were down only 12% compared to last year, while total car sales were down 24.4%. <br />
<br />
The model also featured in the top-10 buy list in the recently ended &#8220;Cash for Clunkers" program, launched by the U.S. Government. &#8220;Cash for Clunkers" is a cash incentive program enabling consumers to trade in their fuel-inefficient vehicles for efficient ones for a value of up to $4,500. The model ranked ninth in the top-10 buy list, succeeded by Toyota&#8217;s Prius and Honda&#8217;s Accord. <br />
<br />
All these have made Fit a prime candidate for manufacturing relocation in the U.S. Presently, Honda operates two plants in Ohio and one each in Alabama and Indiana. We recommend the shares of Honda Motor as Neutral.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=HMC">Read the full analyst report on "HMC"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Sprott: US Gov Dead Man Walking</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-outlook/sprott-us-gov-dead-man-walking/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-outlook/sprott-us-gov-dead-man-walking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 19:20:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alex Stanczyk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Outlook]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alex Stanczyk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bank bailouts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank Failures]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Central Banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Citigroup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colonial Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dead Man  Walking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eric Sprott]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fannie Mae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Deposit Insurance Corp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Reserve System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freddie Mac]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Motors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hedge fund manager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hedge manager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New York]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sprott]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sprott Hedge Fund LP;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toronto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Kingdom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Us Government]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.rapidtrends.com/?p=2280</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have been talking for a time about the US Gov buying its own debt.
I do not think they will stop with the QE. They cant.
They cant because they will not be able to keep the lights on for one, but also because they cant allow a major financial institution to fail or we have [...]div class="feedflare"
a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:yIl2AUoC8zA"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:F7zBnMyn0Lo"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?i=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:7Q72WNTAKBA"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:V_sGLiPBpWU"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?i=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:qj6IDK7rITs"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:l6gmwiTKsz0"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"/img/a a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?a=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:gIN9vFwOqvQ"img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/YourFinancialFuture?i=elvC96Ycda0:xn0bTNwcC3I:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"/img/a
/div]]></description>
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		<title>5 reasons THIS is the BIG correction</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/5-reasons-this-is-the-big-correction/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/5-reasons-this-is-the-big-correction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 13:01:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shishir Nigam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank Of America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car manufacturers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Citigroup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fannie Mae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Reserve System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lehman Brothers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainable solution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Us Treasury]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/5-reasons-this-is-the-big-correction/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The market has definitely improved much since March, 09, but has it improved for the right reasons? Should investors still be bearish? In this article, I explore the biggest justifications held out by the “bears”.
“What’s with the insiders?”
Insiders are those people who have access to non-public information about a company – ie. Employees, senior management, [...]]]></description>
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		<title>India’s Economic Tipping PointIndia’s Economic Tipping Point</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/india%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-pointindia%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-point/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/india%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-pointindia%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-point/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Frank Holmes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[energy industry consulting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frank Holmes;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frank Talk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indiarsquo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil Consumption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PIRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transportation network;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UBS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:www.usfunds.com://2f308b191d8f1f65ace7caefb83ee5db</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[India is now approaching a per-capita GDP level that may prove to be a tipping point for economic growth and consumption.
At $2,000 per person, Indiarsquo;s GDP is only a third of the way to the point at which oil consumption begins to rapidly increase, according to the energy industry consulting firm PIRA.
India is, however, approaching another key level. When Chinarsquo;s per-capita GDP reached $3,000 in 2002, car sales more than tripled to 7 million vehicles by 2008, PIRA points out.

Also important to Indiarsquo;s economic growth is its trade with other countries. The UBS chart above shows that Indiarsquo;s trade as a percentage of GDP is similar to where China was in 2002.
But to have the same export-led growth seen in China over the past 10 years, India needs to improve in several areas.
A good place to start would be to clear away some bureaucratic red tape to encourage private foreign investment. India would also benefit from an infrastructure upgrade ndash; UBS estimates that Indiarsquo;s infrastructure sector provides a $2.7 trillion investment opportunity between 2010 and 2025.
Indiarsquo;s young and rapidly growing labor force is a great asset. A modern power grid and transportation network would enhance the productivity of these workers and help India move further down the path of development.
All opinions expressed and data provided are subject to change without notice. Some of these opinions may not be appropriate to every investor.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>India’s Economic Tipping Point</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/india%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-point/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/india%e2%80%99s-economic-tipping-point/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Frank Holmes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economic Tipping Point India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[energy industry consulting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frank Holmes;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frank Talk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indiarsquo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil Consumption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PIRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transportation network;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UBS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:www.usfunds.com://1779be9fdb04f83274195164bede7f33</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[India is now approaching a per-capita GDP level that may prove to be a tipping point for economic growth and consumption.
At $2,000 per person, Indiarsquo;s GDP is only a third of the way to the point at which oil consumption begins to rapidly increase, according to the energy industry consulting firm PIRA.
India is, however, approaching another key level. When Chinarsquo;s per-capita GDP reached $3,000 in 2002, car sales more than tripled to 7 million vehicles by 2008, PIRA points out.

Also important to Indiarsquo;s economic growth is its trade with other countries. The UBS chart above shows that Indiarsquo;s trade as a percentage of GDP is similar to where China was in 2002.
But to have the same export-led growth seen in China over the past 10 years, India needs to improve in several areas.
A good place to start would be to clear away some bureaucratic red tape to encourage private foreign investment. India would also benefit from an infrastructure upgrade ndash; UBS estimates that Indiarsquo;s infrastructure sector provides a $2.7 trillion investment opportunity between 2010 and 2025.
Indiarsquo;s young and rapidly growing labor force is a great asset. A modern power grid and transportation network would enhance the productivity of these workers and help India move further down the path of development.
All opinions expressed and data provided are subject to change without notice. Some of these opinions may not be appropriate to every investor.]]></description>
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		<title>Awaiting the Depression</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/awaiting-the-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/awaiting-the-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 19:03:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bill Bonner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Abe Lincoln]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Addison Wiggin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Apartment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Associated Press]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bank of america corp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bank of china]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blackhorse Asset Management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bloomberg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[central bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chairman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chairman and the president]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chief executive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China Construction Bank Corp;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Citigroup Inc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coast]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commercial Bank of China]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[contrarian profits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[David Rosenberg]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Eileen Connelly]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Hope Yen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Industrial;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jamie Dimon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jiang Jianqing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JPMorgan Chase & Co.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New York]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Retail Sector]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Richard Duncan;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Singapore]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Wall Street Journal]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Wells Fargo & Co.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[West Coast]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=20700</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pThe inflation/deflation debate is hot#8230; It crackles and pops like a pine fire. But it gives off little helpful light. strongAbe Lincoln may have read by the light of an open fire. But when we tried it, we singed our eyebrows./strong It made us suspicious of Old Abe; maybe he wasn’t quite as truthful as he pretended to be. Later, we realized he was a mountebank. But that’s another story#8230; /p
pToday, we light a candle and try to interpret the shadows on the wall#8230;/p
pYesterday, the Dow fell 81 points. Gold dropped $5 to $1009./p
pWill the feds succeed in causing inflation? Or will they fail? Will the dollar continue to go down? Or will it prove to be a safe haven currency#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Tough Decisions Loom for Fed &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/tough-decisions-loom-for-fed-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/tough-decisions-loom-for-fed-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 19:43:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charles Rotblut</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank Of America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chairman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Citigroup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Open Market Committee]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Reserve System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Mills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Motors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lennar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/25142/Tough+Decisions+Loom+for+Fed+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
Today's Fed decision was no surprise, but questions abound about the timing of Bernanke's next move.<br />
<br />
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) voted unanimously to keep the fed funds target rate between 0% and 1/4%. The wording of the statement reflected a slightly more upbeat assessment of the economy, with the observation that "economic activity has picked up." In August, the Fed opined that "economic activity is leveling out."<br />
<br />
Expectations for long-term inflation were described as "stable," which is new language and something I don't necessarily agree with. A change to the planned purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities was also made, with the program now scheduled to end in the first quarter, instead of next month.<br />
<br />
Today's meeting was a no-brainer for Bernanke. All he had to do was say the economy is getting better and he wasn't tightening policy. Give the Fed chairman credit for continuing to foreshadow his committee's decisions.<br />
<br />
The challenge comes next year (assuming Bernanke is officially appointed to a second term). The Fed must balance the threat of renewed inflation with the goal of achieving a prolonged recovery. Understand that the margin for error facing the Fed is huge.<br />
<br />
On the one hand, interest rates are likely to start rising. The massive amount of Federal spending, fiscally weakened state and municipal governments and falling dollar, will eventually place upward pressure on yields. At the same time, global consumption of oil and other natural resources will increase, creating inflationary pressures.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the U.S. economy remains dependent on government bailouts. Just yesterday, the House passed legislation to extend unemployment benefits. Homebuilders like <strong>Lennar </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/len">LEN</a>) have been helped by the first-time homebuyer's tax credit, and many realtors are worried about the consequences if the program isn't extended. The ending of the "Cash for Clunkers" program has resulted in September new car sales running at about half of the historical norm, according to Edmunds.com. Not to mention that us taxpayers still own a large chunk of General Motors, <strong>AIG</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/aig">AIG</a>),<strong> Citigroup </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/c">C</a>) and <strong>Bank of America</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/bac">BAC</a>).<br />
<br />
If Bernanke does get things wrong, the U.S. could face stagflation, or worse -- a double-dip recession. And even if he does get things right, the recovery won't feel like a recovery to many Americans.<br />
<br />
As an investor, you should consider continuing to mix stocks from less-economically sensitive industries with those from industries that could benefit from an economic rebound. I would pay particular attention to those companies whose CEOs are expressing optimism about business conditions, such as <strong>General Mills</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gis">GIS</a>) and<strong> Intel </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/intc">INTC</a>). Such a mix would allow you profit from further market upside without taking on an excessive level of risk.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=LEN">Read the full analyst report on "LEN"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=AIG">Read the full analyst report on "AIG"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=C">Read the full analyst report on "C"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=BAC">Read the full analyst report on "BAC"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GIS">Read the full analyst report on "GIS"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=INTC">Read the full analyst report on "INTC"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Clunker Crash for Car Dealers? &#8211; Zacks Industry Rank Analysis</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/clunker-crash-for-car-dealers-zacks-industry-rank-analysis/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/clunker-crash-for-car-dealers-zacks-industry-rank-analysis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charles Rotblut</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Investing Lessons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asbury Automotive Group]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AutoNation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car dealers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car inventories;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Loans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car margins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car prices;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car supply]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CarMax;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cent;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ceo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Rotblut]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Group 1 Automotive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[higher used car valuations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda Accord]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penske Automotive Group;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[senior market analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sonic Automotive;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[statistician]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[then used car prices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tom Folliard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota Camry;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks.com]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/commentary/12201/Clunker+Crash+for+Car+Dealers%3F+-+Zacks+Industry+Rank+Analysis</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Several local news outlets are reporting that car dealers are experiencing a post-Cash for Clunkers Slump in sales. There is concern that the government's incentive program took sales away from the fall (and even 2010) by giving consumers reason to purchase new vehicles over the summer instead.

<p ALIGN="left">
It is definitely taking sales away from September. Edmunds.com calculates that September sales are running at an 8.8 million unit pace. To put this number in perspective, Edmunds Senior Statistician Zhenwei Zhou said sales last September were 12.5 million. He also added "it had been over 16 million for years".
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Whether this month's slump continues throughout the remainder of this year and into 2010 remains to be seen. Many carmakers are expected to introduce new incentive programs in addition to rolling out new models. Plus, two of the best-selling cars over the past several years - the Toyota Camry and the Honda Accord - did not qualify for the Cash for Clunkers rebate. (Even my V6 Accord was too fuel efficient to qualify.)
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Earnings Estimates for Dealers Are Mixed</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The 2009 and 2010 Zacks Consensus Estimates for <b>AutoNation</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/AN">AN</a>) and <b>Penske Automotive Group</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/PAG">PAG</a>) have been revised upward slightly over the past few weeks. These changes likely reflect the boost provided by the CARS program, however.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
There has not been any change to forecasts for <b>Asbury Automotive Group</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/ABG">ABG</a>). The 2009 Zacks Consensus Estimate for <b>Sonic Automotive</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/SAH">SAH</a>) is falling, down 2 cents this month to 64 cents per share. (The 2010 Zacks Consensus Estimate is also lower.)  One analyst recently cut his full-year profit forecast on <b>Group 1 Automotive</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GPI">GPI</a>), though the revision did not affect the consensus forecast.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Revisions Are Favoring Used Car Dealers</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Ironically, earnings estimate revisions are most bullish for used car dealers <b>America's Car-Mart</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/CRMT">CRMT</a>) and <b>CarMax</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/KMX">KMX</a>).

</p><p ALIGN="left">
All 4 covering brokerage analysts raised their fiscal 2010 profit forecasts on CRMT this month. The revisions pushed the Zacks Consensus Estimate 21 cents higher to $2.01 per share.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
KMX reported fiscal second-quarter results yesterday. The company enjoyed an 8% increase in same store sales. Profits totaled 47 cents per share, a big improvement over last year's earnings of 6 cents per share, and far above the consensus estimate of 18 cents per share. In addition to seeing improved traffic patterns, the company benefited from higher used car valuations. KMX said that its used vehicle profit increased to $2,120 per unit from $1,870 per unit.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Keep An Eye On Used Car Inventories</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Used car inventories are the other post-CARS wildcard. Used car prices had been on the rise this year as consumers found difficulty obtaining credit for new car loans or looked for cheaper alternatives. The Cash for Clunkers Program cut supply further by scrapping the trade-ins. Though some vehicles will end up back on dealer lots because they did not qualify for the rebate, many cars and trucks are now permanently off the road.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
CarMax CEO Tom Folliard acknowledged on yesterday's conference call that used car supply is down, but he also stated that used car inventories are largely dependent on new car sales. If Cash for Clunkers truly did take sales away from the future then used car prices could stay elevated. This lack of supply could continue to drive up trade-in values, putting sustained pressure on new car margins, while providing used car dealers with further pricing power.

</p><p align="center">

<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<tr><td colspan="7" align="center"><b>Sector Rank as of Sep 23<br /></b></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#A2D39C"><td align="left"><b><u>	Sector	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	This Week's<br />Zacks Rank	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	Last Week's<br />Zacks Rank	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09<br />Revisions Ratio	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09 Estimates<br />Revised Up	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09 Estimates<br />Revised Down	</u></b></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Consumer Staples	</td>	<td align="center">	2.68	</td>	<td align="center">	2.63	</td>	<td align="center">	2.15	</td>	<td align="center">	146	</td>	<td align="center">	68	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Conglomerates	</td>	<td align="center">	2.69	</td>	<td align="center">	2.73	</td>	<td align="center">	1.22	</td>	<td align="center">	11	</td>	<td align="center">	9	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Auto-Tires-Trucks	</td>	<td align="center">	2.69	</td>	<td align="center">	2.77	</td>	<td align="center">	0.87	</td>	<td align="center">	26	</td>	<td align="center">	30	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Retail-Wholesale	</td>	<td align="center">	2.80	</td>	<td align="center">	2.76	</td>	<td align="center">	2.07	</td>	<td align="center">	345	</td>	<td align="center">	167	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Computer and Technology	</td>	<td align="center">	2.90	</td>	<td align="center">	2.90	</td>	<td align="center">	2.52	</td>	<td align="center">	564	</td>	<td align="center">	224	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Medical	</td>	<td align="center">	2.96	</td>	<td align="center">	2.93	</td>	<td align="center">	1.35	</td>	<td align="center">	195	</td>	<td align="center">	144	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Construction	</td>	<td align="center">	2.98	</td>	<td align="center">	2.97	</td>	<td align="center">	0.94	</td>	<td align="center">	45	</td>	<td align="center">	48	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Consumer Discretionary	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	1.23	</td>	<td align="center">	119	</td>	<td align="center">	97	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Basic Materials	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	2.98	</td>	<td align="center">	1.43	</td>	<td align="center">	130	</td>	<td align="center">	91	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Oils-Energy	</td>	<td align="center">	3.01	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	0.77	</td>	<td align="center">	180	</td>	<td align="center">	235	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Industrial Products	</td>	<td align="center">	3.04	</td>	<td align="center">	3.05	</td>	<td align="center">	1.46	</td>	<td align="center">	92	</td>	<td align="center">	63	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Utilities	</td>	<td align="center">	3.05	</td>	<td align="center">	3.02	</td>	<td align="center">	0.75	</td>	<td align="center">	46	</td>	<td align="center">	61	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Business Services	</td>	<td align="center">	3.06	</td>	<td align="center">	3.08	</td>	<td align="center">	1.11	</td>	<td align="center">	31	</td>	<td align="center">	28	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Finance	</td>	<td align="center">	3.11	</td>	<td align="center">	3.13	</td>	<td align="center">	1.16	</td>	<td align="center">	329	</td>	<td align="center">	284	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Aerospace	</td>	<td align="center">	3.18	</td>	<td align="center">	3.23	</td>	<td align="center">	0.32	</td>	<td align="center">	18	</td>	<td align="center">	57	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Transportation	</td>	<td align="center">	3.23	</td>	<td align="center">	3.23	</td>	<td align="center">	0.83	</td>	<td align="center">	87	</td>	<td align="center">	105	</td></tr>
</table>

</p><p ALIGN="left">
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<i>Charles Rotblut, CFA, is the senior market analyst for Zacks.com. He can be reached at crotblut@zacks.com.</i>
</p><p>


<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br /></p>]]></description>
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		</item>
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		<title>Debunking The Paradox of Thrift: Why Consumer Spending Won’t Save Our  Economy</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/debunking-the-paradox-of-thrift-why-consumer-spending-won%e2%80%99t-save-our-economy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/debunking-the-paradox-of-thrift-why-consumer-spending-won%e2%80%99t-save-our-economy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2009 21:35:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Investment U</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Contrarian Perspectives]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.investmentu.com/IUEL/2009/September/debunking-the-paradox-of-thrift-why-consumer-spending-wont-save-our-economy.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Debunking The Paradox of Thrift: Why Consumer Spending Won&#8217;t Save Our  Economy
by Mark  Skousen, Contributing Editor
&#8220;America&#8217;s saving rate has leaped ahead &#8211; and it&#8217;s sending  America to the poorhouse.&#8221; &#8211; David Fessler
An Investment U column attacking the virtue of thrift &#8211; surely not?
Yet there it was &#8211; an article from David Fessler [...]]]></description>
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		<title>How&#8217;s &#8220;Cash for Castles&#8221; Doing? &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/hows-cash-for-castles-doing-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/hows-cash-for-castles-doing-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2009 21:02:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/25095/How%27s+%22Cash+for+Castles%22+Doing%3F+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
The $8,000 tax credit for first-time home buyers is going to expire on November 30th. People have to close by that date, which means they really have to agree to buy within the next few weeks.<br />
<br />
The housing market has begun to rebound a bit, and the tax credit has been part of it. So should Congress extend, or even -- as some are advocating -- expand the program? My answer would be no, certainly no to expansion. <br />
<br />
Conceptually, the tax credit is similar in many ways to the "Cash for Clunkers" program, but it is much more expensive, and far less targeted. "Cash for Castles" applies to any house, either new or used, while "Cash for Clunkers" only applied to new cars.<br />
<br />
Increasing sales of used houses only indirectly stimulates the economy. The same is true for used car sales. With sales of used homes, very few jobs are created, other than for used-home salespeople (a.k.a. realtors). True, there is some indirect stimulus, as people are prone to buy new furniture and paint when they move into a new (for them) house. Still, the benefits to the economy are small compared to new home sales.<br />
<br />
So far, about 1.5 million people have taken advantage of the Cash for Castles program, which means that we have spent about $12 billion on it, or four times the amount spent on the Cash for Clunkers program. The Clunkers program directly resulted in companies like <strong>Ford</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/f">F</a>), <strong>Toyota</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/tm">TM</a>) and suppliers like <strong>TRW Automotive</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/trw">TRW</a>) calling people back to work.<br />
<br />
It also probably resulted in lower losses at GM, where we the taxpayers are big shareholders. Dollar for dollar, Cash for Clunkers was a far more successful stimulus program.<br />
<br />
The big question is how many of those 1.5 million people would have bought a home anyway. It is almost impossible to tell, but I suspect that about 80% or 1.2 million would have. Thus on an incremental basis, the government is spending about $40,000 per extra house sold. While the same argument could be made about the Cash for Clunkers program, that program also had the very important ancillary benefit of taking old gas guzzlers off the road and modernizing the nation&#8217;s auto fleet.<br />
<br />
Over the next three years, the Clunkers program should save the nation about 700 million gallons of gasoline.  Since we import about 70% of our oil, that will put a dent into our trade deficit going forward, not to mention the lower carbon foot print. New cars are generally safer as well, so the program will probably result in lower highway fatalities, for good measure. Cash for Castles does nothing remotely as beneficial.<br />
<br />
One also has to ask a normative question. Is it fair? Public policy is still hostile towards people who rent. You can deduct the interest on your mortgage without limit, and the more you make, the more valuable that tax deduction is.<br />
<br />
Someone who owns a house with a mortgage interest part of $1000 and is in the 15% tax bracket gets a $150 a month housing subsidy from Uncle Sam. Someone who is making $250,000 a year and lives in a McMansion with a $3000 a month interest component to their mortgage would get a $1,050 monthly subsidy. There is no rent subsidy (unless you are very poor and are in Section 8 housing).<br />
<br />
As a group, renters have much lower incomes than do homeowners, and also tend to have less assets. Renters subsidize the housing of homeowners. Now this program adds yet more subsidies to homeowners. If it is extended, or even worse expanded to include all homebuyers rather than &#8220;first time" buyers, it has all the earmarks of the sort of program that will never go away.<br />
<br />
There are some benefits to homeownership to the society at large (positive externalities). Homeowners tend to take care of their properties better than renters do. There are also some negative externalities. For starters, it makes the workforce less mobile. People who have to sell a house to take a new job in a different state are far less likely to do so than people who simply have to break a one-year lease. This is particularly true since the transaction costs in buying and selling real estate are very high -- traditionally, about 6% just for realtors fees.<br />
<br />
Even if the program were targeted at just new homes rather than used homes, it is hard to argue that there is a big housing shortage in the country. Yes, Residential Investment is a big part of (or at least used to be) overall investment in the economy. It is, however, a very low return type of investment.<br />
<br />
Putting that money into repairing our neglected infrastructure would create far more jobs, and have a much higher long-term return on investment than simply cutting checks to people who probably would have bought houses anyway.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=F">Read the full analyst report on "F"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TM">Read the full analyst report on "TM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TRW">Read the full analyst report on "TRW"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Economy improves but concerns remain</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/economy-improves-but-concerns-remain/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/economy-improves-but-concerns-remain/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2009 15:32:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James Hamilton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/economy_improve.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Last week we received positive readings for some key economic indicators.  But I still see plenty to worry about.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/RSAFS">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img alt="sales_sep_09.png" src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/sales_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>On Tuesday the <a href="http://www.census.gov/retail/marts/www/marts_current.html">Census Bureau</a> announced that U.S. retail and food services sales in August were 2.7% higher than in July on a seasonally adjusted basis.  True, 2/3 of the additional $9 billion in spending was attributed to motor vehicles and parts, and September car sales could be <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&#38;sid=aCIadllzd_Zc">much worse than August</a>.  Another 1/6 of the new spending came from gasoline stations, and the higher average gasoline prices in August are hardly cause for celebration.  But even excluding autos and gasoline, core retail sales were up 0.6% in August. Here's the summary from <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2009/09/15/economists-react-spending-on-little-things-again/">Stephen Stanley of RBS</a>:</p>

<blockquote><p>
after a string of contractions, these data suggest that consumer demand is, at a minimum, stabilizing. Core retail sales may even be starting to firm slightly (up in 2 of the past 3 months), but we will need to see another month or two of positive data to have confidence in that view.</p></blockquote>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/INDPRO">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/ind_prod_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>On Wednesday the <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/Current/default.htm">Federal Reserve reported</a> that its index of U.S. industrial production grew by 0.8% in August, adding to the 1% gain seen in July, and breaking the steady drop this indicator had been exhibiting since January 2008.  <a href="http://angrybear.blogspot.com/2009/09/industrial-production.html">Spencer of Angry Bear</a> notes that the increase in industrial production over the last two months is typical for previous economic recoveries.  If this does prove to be a typical recovery, given the sharpness of the downturn we would expect to see <a href="http://artsci.wustl.edu/~morley/shapes.pdf">sharp growth from here</a>.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://angrybear.blogspot.com/2009/09/industrial-production.html">Angry Bear</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/ab_ind_prod_sep_09.jpg"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>These new readings for sales and production were enough to push the <a href="http://www.philadelphiafed.org/research-and-data/real-time-center/business-conditions-index/">Aruoba-Diebold-Scotti Business Conditions Index</a> back into positive territory for the first time since the recession began.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
<a href="http://www.philadelphiafed.org/research-and-data/real-time-center/business-conditions-index/">Aruoba-Diebold-Scotti Business Conditions Index</a>.
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.phil.frb.org/research-and-data/real-time-center/business-conditio
ns-index/ads_2yrs_575px.jpg"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>What's not to like?  My key worry about the U.S. economy remains the employment picture.  The <a href="http://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/economics/bci/threehalf.pdf">Conference Board</a> includes initial claims for unemployment insurance and average weekly manufacturing hours in its index of leading economic indicators, the number of workers employed on nonfarm payrolls in its index of coincident economic indicators, and average duration of unemployment in its index of lagging economic indicators.  Manufacturing hours have indeed rebounded off their lows.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/AWHMAN">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/mfg_hours_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br /> 

<p>But for total private industry jobs, we've been stuck at 33.1 hours/week since March, unless you want to claim victory on the basis of the brief nadir of 33.0 hours/week touched in June.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/AWHNONAG">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/hours_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>New claims for unemployment insurance did fall this spring.  But the 4-week average reported Thursday is actually worse than the numbers we were seeing at the end of July.</p>
  
<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Seasonally adjusted weekly new claims for unemployment insurance (black line) and 4-week average (blue line) so far this year. 
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/claims_sep_09.gif"/>
</td></tr></table> 

<br />

<p><a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2009/09/weekly-unemployment-claims-stuck-at_17.html">Bill McBride</a> believes that as long as the number of new claims remains above 400,000 per week, the total number of Americans working is going to continue to fall.  With the latest 4-week average for new claims at 563,000, we've got a long way to go before the employment situation is actually improving.</p> 

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/PAYEMS?cid=11">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/nfp_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br /> 

<p>And even once the number of Americans working starts to grow, unless it grows faster than the number looking for work as a consequence of population growth, the unemployment rate will continue to climb.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/UNRATE?cid=12">FRED</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/09/unemp_sep_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>I see this as more than the conventional hand-wringing about a "jobless recovery." That phrase might suggest that we're just talking about a replay of the anemic recovery that followed the 2001 recession.  In the first 6 months of 2002, nonfarm payrolls fell by 350,000, or 58,000 per month.  In July and August of 2009, payrolls fell by 492,000.  If the recession really ended in June, as some claim, this is a much more serious problem than we saw in 2002-2003.</p>

<p>And it is a more serious problem not just because of the ongoing human cost.  It also undermines the prospects for continued improvement in the other indicators.  As long as large numbers of people are still losing their jobs, that can set in motion a number of undesirable feedbacks such as increasing loan delinquencies that could bring about a replay of some of the concerns many of us had hoped were behind us.  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President <a href="http://www.frbsf.org/news/speeches/2009/janet_yellen0914.html">Janet Yellen</a> was right on target:</p>
<blockquote><p>
The financial system has improved but is not yet back to normal. It still holds hazards that could derail a fragile recovery....</p>
<p>
And the likelihood of continuing losses by financial institutions will add new fuel to the credit crunch. In particular, small and medium-size banks could experience damaging losses on commercial real estate loans. Thus far, the largest losses have been on loans for construction and land development. Going forward, however, rising loan losses on other commercial real estate lending is likely because property values are falling, office vacancy rates are rising, and credit remains tight or nonexistent for those many property owners that will need to refinance mortgages over the next few years.  Financial contagion from this sector is one of the most important threats to recovery.
</p></blockquote>

<p>So yes, it was a good week for some key economic indicators.  But serious concerns remain.</p>

]]></description>
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		<title>Investing Without Trailing Stops: Here’s Why 75% of  Stocks Are a Sucker’s Bet</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-lessons/investing-without-trailing-stops-here%e2%80%99s-why-75-of-stocks-are-a-sucker%e2%80%99s-bet/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 21:19:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Investment U</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.investmentu.com/IUEL/2009/September/investing-without-trailing-stops.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Investing Without Trailing Stops: Here&#8217;s Why 75% of  Stocks Are a Sucker&#8217;s Bet
by  Alexander Green, Advisory Panelist
A couple weeks ago, I explained why it is imperative to run  trailing stops behind your individual stocks.
Sell stops ensure that your capital is protected and your  profits don&#8217;t slip through your fingers.
However, one subscriber [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Cash for Clunky Appliances?</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/cash-for-clunky-appliances/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/cash-for-clunky-appliances/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2009 11:30:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Addison Wiggin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=20565</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pAmazing. A few weeks of “Cash for Clunkers”…700,000 new cars off the lot…et voila: Retail sales jumped in August by the most in three years! Wee-hoo!/p
pThis morning’s Commerce Department release of +2.7% places August retail sales well ahead of the 1.9% “expert” consensus./p
p style="text-align: center;"/p
pGreat. Now that they’ve “pulled forward” car sales for the next 12 months…what’s next? How about… Appliances!?/p
pLater this fall, Uncle Sam will being doling out up to $200 a pop (in borrowed money) to anyone who wants to replace an old appliance. Yeah, that’ll keep retail and GDP stats humming along./p
pWholesales prices rose last month twice as much as forecast…thanks largely to rising gasoline prices. The 1.7% jump in August followed a 0.9% decline in July./p
p“Core” PPI excluding#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>U.S. Trade Deficit Widens, but Signals a Healthier Economy</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/u-s-trade-deficit-widens-but-signals-a-healthier-economy-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/u-s-trade-deficit-widens-but-signals-a-healthier-economy-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2009 01:40:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jason Simpkins</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Tiny Texas Oil Company Hits $2.8 Trillion Discovery A microcap company from Dallas has discovered 40 billion barrels of crude oil. The haul is worth $2.8 trillion. It&#8217;s one of the biggest oil discoveries in history. And one company now owns the right to every drop. It&#8217;s about to bring this oil to market. Investors [...]]]></description>
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		<title>U.S. Trade Deficit Widens, but Signals a Healthier Economy</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/u-s-trade-deficit-widens-but-signals-a-healthier-economy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/u-s-trade-deficit-widens-but-signals-a-healthier-economy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2009 22:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alcoa Inc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beijing]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=20480</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pThe U.S. trade deficit expanded at its fastest pace in more than ten years in July, accelerated by rising oil prices and increased demand for auto parts and industrial supplies. /p
pThe gap between imports and exports rose 16% – the largest percentage increase since February 1999 – to $32 billion in July from a revised $27.5 billion in June that was larger than previously reported, the Commerce Department said. After eliminating the influence of prices, which are the figures used to calculate gross domestic product (GDP), the trade gap widened to $38.8 billion from $35.8 billion./p
pImports surged 4.7% to $159.6 billion, fueled by an increase in oil prices and strong demand for industrial materials. Crude oil prices rose to an#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>A Brighter Shade of Beige &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/a-brighter-shade-of-beige-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/a-brighter-shade-of-beige-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2009 21:01:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Atlanta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AutoNation]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[flat retail sales]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Most Districts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nonfinancial services;]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Real Estate]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/24627/A+Brighter+Shade+of+Beige+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
The Federal Reserve just released its "Beige Book," which is largely a collection of anecdotal information about the state of the economy in the various Federal Reserve districts. Below are some of the key passages and my reactions to them. In the interest of space and to highlight the key trends, I have edited out most of the individual district information. However, if you want to read the full report, go to: <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/beigebook/2009/20090909/default.htm">http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/beigebook/2009/20090909/default.htm</a><br />
<br />
<em>"Reports from the 12 Federal Reserve Districts indicate that economic activity continued to stabilize in July and August. Most Districts noted that the outlook for economic activity among their business contacts remained cautiously positive."</em><br />
<br />
This is a much better tone than in recent months, with talk of actual stabilization. Up to this point, the best that could be said that things were generally getting worse at a slow rate. Now, overall, it looks like the deterioration has stopped but the improvement has not yet begun.<br />
<em><br />
"The majority of Districts reported flat retail sales. Richmond, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta and Boston remarked that retailers continued to carefully manage inventories, keeping them in line with low sales levels. A majority of Districts confirmed that the "Cash for Clunkers" program boosted traffic and sales...Most regions reported some improvement in residential real estate markets...Downward pressure on home prices continued in most Districts...Reports on commercial real estate suggest that the demand for space remained weak and that nonresidential construction-related activity continued to decline...Loan demand was described as weak and many Districts reported that credit standards remained tight. Most Districts reported improvements in manufacturing production...Labor market conditions remained weak across all Districts...Wage pressures remained minimal across all Districts. Consumer prices were described as being steady in most Districts..."</em><br />
<br />
Flat retail sales would be a major improvement over the declines that most retailers have been experiencing. However, the tight control of inventories does help explain how most of the retailers managed to post better-than-expected earnings in the second quarter. With just a little bit of a pick up, they might be well positioned to exceed expectations in the third quarter.<br />
<br />
The housing market does appear to have turned, at least with respect to activity, if not pricing. The focus in now turning to problems in the commercial real estate market since the residential market has at least stabilized.<br />
<br />
The labor market is still ugly. Those that are employed are not going to be seeing raises for awhile. There will be no wage price spiral, so the outlook for inflation is pretty good...for now.<br />
<br />
<em>"Consumer spending remained soft in most Districts...shoppers remained focused on essentials and continued to refrain from purchasing discretionary and big-ticket items...the cash-for-clunkers program helped boost traffic and sales, although Cleveland and Kansas City also remarked that used car sales were adversely affected by the program. The sustainability of the higher recent pace of new vehicle sales was questioned."</em><br />
<br />
Discounters like <strong>Family Dollar </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fdo">FDO</a>) and <strong>Walmart </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/wmt">WMT</a>) are much better positioned than traditional mall-based retailers. Cash for Clunkers helped out overall demand, and was obviously good for firms like <strong>AutoNation</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/an">AN</a>), however the program is now over. The big question going forward is if the C4C program helped tap pent-up demand, or simply pulled forward demand from the future. In other words, were the cars being sold cars that would have been bought anyway in October or November, or was it incremental demand?<br />
<em><br />
"Residential real estate markets remained weak, but signs of improvement continued to be noted...Most Districts noted that demand remained stronger at the low-end of the housing market...the first-time home buyer tax incentive was spurring sales...Reports on house prices generally indicated ongoing downward pressures...Construction remained at low levels...Reports on commercial real estate markets indicated that demand for space remained weak and that construction continued to decline in all Districts...vacancy rates increased...demand for space remained weak...Construction remained at very low levels, with modest improvements noted in public construction."</em><br />
<br />
The low end of the housing market is where most of the bank owned ex-foreclosures are, at least for now. I am expecting foreclosures to go upscale in a big way over the next year or so. The tax credit is going to expire at the end of November, so no more "cash for castles" unless Congress extends it. The same questions about pulling forward demand exist for housing as for cars.<br />
<br />
However, realtors have more clout in D.C. than do autoworkers, so there is a good chance that the program will be extended. Commercial real estate is just starting its decline and is going to be ugly for a few more years. The only thing keeping any activity going is public construction, which is largely due to the stimulus package. Most of that part of the stimulus bill was back-end loaded, so that cushion will continue into 2010, but private commercial construction is dead for the time being.<br />
<br />
<em>"Reports on the demand for nonfinancial services were mixed...the demand for service sector business remained soft, although the pace of decline was described as having slowed...Demand for transportation services were mixed, with some Districts noting stabilization at weak levels. Reports indicated that freight volume declines were moderating..."</em><br />
<br />
Note that they did not say that freight volumes were picking up, just declining at a slower rate or stabilizing. Freight volumes are a great indicator of the overall current pace of activity.<br />
<br />
<em>"Most Districts reported that loan demand was weak and that credit standards remained tight...further weakening in loan demand across most categories...an increase in demand for auto loans..."</em><br />
<br />
Weak loan demand is certainly in line with the record drop in consumer credit in July. Cash for Clunkers stimulated auto loan demand. The program is over now, so auto loan demand is likely to slip back next month, along with auto sales.<br />
<br />
<em>"Most Districts reported modest improvements in the manufacturing sector...slight-to-moderate increases in new orders...increases or planned increases in automobile and automobile-related production...The near-term outlook among manufacturers varied, but the majority of reports indicated that manufacturers were cautiously optimistic."</em><br />
<br />
This confirms what the ISM report said last week. Generally, manufacturing is starting to recover before the service sector of the economy.<br />
<br />
In general, this was a weak report, but not nearly as dismal as what we were seeing in the spring or early summer. However, we already knew that from most of the other reports out there. The picture that is painted is that the recession is over but the recovery has not yet begun. Inflation is not the problem for now -- getting the economy going again is.<br />
<br />
Several government programs have helped to stabilize the situation -- Cash for Clunkers in autos, the first-time-buy credit in housing and the stimulus bill in non-residential construction. While not mentioned in the report, the Fed&#8217;s buying of just about every residential mortgage being produced and then some has helped to keep mortgage rates down and contributed to the stabilization of the housing market. Those measures are temporary, and many are about to run out.<br />
<br />
The acid test will be if the economy can continue to function without the artificial supports. In my opinion, it is far too early to take the training wheels off, though eventually we are going to have to do so.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FDO">Read the full analyst report on "FDO"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=WMT">Read the full analyst report on "WMT"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=AN">Read the full analyst report on "AN"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Beige Book: &#8220;Stabilization&#8221; &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/beige-book-stabilization-analyst-blog/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2009 19:40:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charles Rotblut</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CarMax;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Reserve System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Real Estate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toll Brothers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Bancorp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/24623/Beige+Book%3A+%22Stabilization%22+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
There were no surprises in the latest Beige Book. The Fed's periodic report proclaimed, "[E]conomic activity continued to stabilize in July and August." This statement confirmed the data provided by several other reports.<br />
<br />
Overall, the tone of the report is that the U.S. economy has already hit bottom and is starting to climb its way out of a deep hole. However, as I have said many times, this recovery will not feel like a recovery to many Americans.<br />
<br />
Most districts credited the "Cash For Clunkers" program for helping sales, though some noted that it had an adverse affect on used car sales. The program was also credited for providing a short-term lift to manufacturing. (Of course, what remains to be seen is whether or not <strong>Ford</strong> [<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/f">F</a>], <strong>CarMax</strong> [<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/kmx">KMX</a>] and other automotive-related companies lost future sales because of the government bailout.)<br />
<br />
Jobs, on the other hand, remain difficult to find. Some districts did note an improvement in temporary and health care hiring, but others noted cuts by local and state governments. Wages were stagnant with no wage pressures reported. (This partially explains why analysts are NOT raising their profit forecasts on <strong>Manpower</strong> [<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/man">MAN</a>].)<br />
<br />
Retail estate is going through 2 stages. Residential housing is stabilizing, though much of the interest remains at the low-end of the market. (Good for <strong>K.B. Home</strong> [<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/kb">KB</a>], but not so good for <strong>Toll Brothers</strong> [<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/tol">TOL</a>].) Commercial real estate, on the other hand, continues to be weak. (Bad news for <strong>Liberty Trust </strong>[<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/lry">LRY</a>] and several other REITs.)<br />
<br />
Credit standards were described as "tight." Though demand for auto loans rose, as would be expected, credit quality deteriorated in several districts. This a big reason why companies such as <strong>U.S. Bancorp </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/usb">USB</a>) are not fully out of the woods.<br />
<br />
Overall, for investors, today's report does not change anything. It merely confirms the economy is slowly moving towards a recovery. It's a good thing, but also something that was already known.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=F">Read the full analyst report on "F"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=KMX">Read the full analyst report on "KMX"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=MAN">Read the full analyst report on "MAN"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=KBH">Read the full analyst report on "KBH"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TOL">Read the full analyst report on "TOL"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=LRY">Read the full analyst report on "LRY"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=USB">Read the full analyst report on "USB"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Leading Indicators Up Slightly Again &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/leading-indicators-up-slightly-again-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/leading-indicators-up-slightly-again-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 15:40:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charles Rotblut</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car lots;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conference Board]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[D R Horton]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/23788/Leading+Indicators+Up+Slightly+Again+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
The Conference Board's Leading Indicators Index rose 0.6% in July, its fourth consecutive monthly increase. Though the increase was slightly less than expected, it clearly suggests that the recession is bottoming.<br />
<br />
Aiding the index were improvements in the interest rate spread, initial jobless claims and average weekly manufacturing hours.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1250778027.JPG" /><br />
<br />
There is little doubt that the economy is moving towards a recovery, but there is a great deal of uncertainty concerning the type of recovery. Car sales this quarter have been artificially boosted by "Cash For Clunkers." First-time homebuyers are eligible for a sizeable tax credit. Soon, rebates will be available for old appliances.<br />
<br />
But what happens when these subsidies end? Will <strong>Ford</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/f">F</a>) be able to maintain its current sales rate? Can <strong>Home Depot </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/hd">HD</a>) sell more high-efficiency washers and dryers when the rebates have been used up? How many buyers will sign contracts with <strong>D. R. Horton </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/dhi">DHI</a>) once there are no more tax credits?<br />
<br />
It's a question worth asking because right now the government is artificially boosting growth. But soon some of the stimulus packages will expire -- particularly those most geared at consumers with money to spend. And though there will be additional stimulus spent in 2010 on various municipal projects, they won't necessarily motivate consumers to visit car lots or appliance store showrooms.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, even with the current stimulus programs, jobs are still being shed. Initial jobless claims rose last week, as did continuing claims. In other words, though the economy is relatively better, it still feels like a depression to many Americans (see <a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/23785/New+Jobless+Claims+Disappoint">"New Jobless Claims Disappoint"</a>).<br />
<br />
The recovery may be coming, but it won't be a cause for celebration.<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Nucor Corporation Will Get Is Due for a Boost from Government Spending</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-india-stocks/nucor-corporation-will-get-is-due-for-a-boost-from-government-spending/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-india-stocks/nucor-corporation-will-get-is-due-for-a-boost-from-government-spending/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2009 21:36:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19949</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pSteel maker strongNucor Corp.’s (NYSE: a href="http://www.google.com/finance?q=nue" target="_blank"NUE/a)/strong stock has rallied some 51% from its March 3 low of $29.84 a share and has twice bumped against its recent high of $49.91 a share.  /p
pThe stock is still a far cry from its record-high level of $83.56, but is only 0% below its 52-week high of $53.46.  Much has changed since then, as the U.S. auto industry is no longer producing the 16 million cars it produced in 2007, nor the 13 million it managed to sell last year.  This year we are looking at some 10 million units sold, according to a href="http://www.google.com/finance?cid=6301754" target="_blank"J.D. Power and Associates/a,  the leading forecaster in the industry./p
pBut there is encouraging news:  The very quick  restructuring of both strongGeneral#8230;/strong/p]]></description>
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		<title>An Unsustainable Stimulus</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/an-unsustainable-stimulus/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/an-unsustainable-stimulus/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 19:32:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bill Bonner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19916</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pHow do you like this recovery? Pretty good, huh? Except for the jobs, of course. And except for the retail sales. And except for the foreclosures#8230; and house prices. And incomes. And consumer prices. And business profits. It’s like a female impersonator#8230; just like a real woman in every way, except for the essential ones./p
pAt least stocks are doing well. The Dow rose another 36 points yesterday. In terms of time, it’s already beat the bounce of ’30#8230; it’s in its 6 th month. In terms of stock prices, it’s still a laggard, however. US stocks are up about 45% from their low of 6,547 on the Dow. By that measure, the current reading of 9,398 falls a little short#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Gold, Silver Hit 7-week Highs on Weak Dollar</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/gold-silver-hit-7-week-highs-on-weak-dollar/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/gold-silver-hit-7-week-highs-on-weak-dollar/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2009 17:45:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19629</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pGold and silver prices climbed to their highest in seven weeks on Monday, as the dollar#8217;s slide to its lowest since mid-December boosted interest in hard assets./p
pSpot gold hit an intra-day high of $961.00 an ounce, its highest since June 11, and was bid at $959.10 an ounce at 1329 GMT, against $953.90 an ounce late in New York on Friday./p
pU.S. gold futures for August delivery on the COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange rose $5.70 to $959.40 an ounce./p
p#8220;At the moment we#8217;re seeing the dollar as the key factor to movements in the gold market,#8221; said Eugen Weinberg, senior analyst at Commerzbank./p
p#8220;In the past few months (gold) has gone from being a safe haven to becoming a dollar play.#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Cash for clunkers</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/cash-for-clunkers/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2009 14:47:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James Hamilton</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/08/cash_for_clunke.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>A victim of its own success?</p>

<p>One of the more embarrassing features of the New Deal was the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, which paid farmers to <a href="http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=2512">slaughter livestock</a> and <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2121055">plow up good crops</a>, as if destroying useful goods could somehow make the nation wealthier.  And yet here we are again, with the cash for clunkers program insisting that <a href="http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/31/dealers-race-to-get-their-clunkers-crushed/">working vehicles must be junked</a> to qualify for the subsidy.  <a href="http://economistmom.com/2009/08/could-i-really-kill-my-clunker/">Economist Mom</a> laments the tragedy and waste, as only an economist and mother could:</p>

<blockquote><p>
I don't think I can do it.... I mean, look at all the time and money (and love) I've poured into the (already) old beagle I adopted almost two years ago.  It just seems very wasteful (and somehow "heartless", even with a car) to prematurely end a "life" that still could be valuable to someone-- doesn't it?</p></blockquote>

<p><a href="http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/environmentandenergy/archive/2009/07/31/cash-for-clunkers-goes-haywire.aspx">Bradford Plumer</a> (via <a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2009/07/congress_just_buying_people_ca.cfm">Free Exchange</a>) has doubts about the environmental or energy benefits:</p>

<blockquote><p>
as we've <a href="http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/environmentandenergy/archive/2009/06/22/cash-for-clunkers-program-is-weak-but-may-get-improved-later.aspx">noted before</a>, the actual environmental benefits of this program may well prove modest. The fuel-economy requirements for the new car were, after all, fairly lax: You could in theory trade in a Hummer that got 14 mpg and get $3,500 toward a brand new 18 mpg SUV. That's still an upgrade (and, in fact, that trade would actually save more gas than upgrading a 30 mpg sedan to a 35 mpg vehicle), but it's a meager one. And if the upgrades are, in fact, all meager, they could end up being dwarfed by the energy required to manufacture new vehicles.</p></blockquote>

<p>And yet, the <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124903908261696593.html">chaos</a> as dealers and consumers try to participate in the program is leading 
<a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124898886526095011.html">some to describe the program as</a></p>

<blockquote><p>
among the most successful stimulus packages to come out of Washington since the start of the recession. The boom in car sales will give a much-needed bump not just to auto makers and dealers but also local government coffers that collect taxes on car transactions.</p></blockquote>

<p><a href="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/02/january_auto_sa_1.html">I've been suggesting</a>, as has <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2009/02/looking-for-sun.html">Calculated Risk</a>, that there was a significant potential without the cash for clunkers program to see a strong rebound in auto sales.  Perhaps that was about to get started in July of 2009, though doubtless the program has also helped move sales that would have taken place later in the year into July (<a href="http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/2009/07/free-money-runs-out-congress-authorizes.html">[1]</a>, <a href="http://www.scsuscholars.com/2009/07/because-when-these-cars-are-gone-well.html">[2]</a>).  But I'm not going to be persuaded that destroying productive physical capital is a way to improve the welfare of the average American.</p>

<p>There's not much we can do now for those <a href="http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=2512">5 million piglets</a> needlessly slaughtered in 1933.  But I'm still hoping that <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124903908261696593.html">glitches in the DOT computer system</a> end up giving <a href="http://economistmom.com/2009/08/could-i-really-kill-my-clunker/">Economist Mom's beloved beagle</a> an accidental reprieve.</p>

]]></description>
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		<title>Gold Steadies as U.S. GDP Data Knocks Euro</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/gold-steadies-as-u-s-gdp-data-knocks-euro/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2009 15:30:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19573</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pGold pared gains on Friday as the euro retreated from highs against the dollar in the wake of second-quarter GDP data from the United States./p
pSpot gold was bid at $935.10 an ounce at 1325 GMT, against $933.30 an ounce late in New York on Thursday. It earlier hit a session high of $939.65. U.S. gold futures for August delivery on the COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange edged up 50 cents to $935.40 an ounce./p
pThe euro gave up ground against the U.S. currency after data released on Friday showed the U.S. economy contracted at a slower-than-expected pace in the second quarter, which analysts said backs views the recession is winding down./p
p#8220;The U.S. GDP data was fairly good; it is still#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Bond Bubble’s Back, USPS in Trouble, Healthcare Tech, Short the Euro and More!</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/bond-bubble%e2%80%99s-back-usps-in-trouble-healthcare-tech-short-the-euro-and-more/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2009 14:30:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19569</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pBond bubble remerges… details behind the gov’s latest debt struggle#8230; The slow demise of snail mail… USPS forecasts record losses#8230; Customized drugs: Patrick Cox on a breakthrough set to revolutionize health care#8230; Bill Jenkins with another sign the euro is overvalued… his price targets below#8230;/p
p Just when you thought the bond bubble was being saved for another day…/p
p/p
pstrongThe government managed to auction $39 billion worth of 5-year debt yesterday… barely./strong Wednesday’s debt sale drew a bid-to-cover ratio of 1.92, the lowest investor demand since September 2008. Low demand forced Uncle Sam to jack up interest rates at the last minute in two separate bond auctions this week #8212; yesterday’s sale and Tuesday’s $42 billion auction of 2-year notes./p
pSo what’s an indebted government to do? Manipulate#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Beige Book: Bad, Not Worse &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/beige-book-bad-not-worse-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/beige-book-bad-not-worse-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 21:13:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/22980/Beige+Book%3A+Bad%2C+Not+Worse+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />
Below are some of the <em>key sections of the Summary of the Fed Beige Book</em> and my reaction to it interspersed. I have also bolded what I consider to be <strong>remarks worthy of emphasis in the report</strong>.<br />
<br />
<em>"Reports from the 12 Federal Reserve Districts suggest that economic activity continued to be weak going into the summer, but most Districts indicated that the pace of decline has moderated since the last report or that activity has begun to stabilize, albeit at a low level..." </em><br />
<br />
In other words, the economy is no longer falling off a cliff, but it has not started to climb back either. This is consistent with most of the other economic data we have been getting recently.<br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Most Districts reported sluggish retail activity</strong>...Manufacturing activity showed some improvement in the Richmond, Chicago and Kansas City Districts; while St. Louis and Dallas reported some moderation of declines, Philadelphia and Minneapolis saw activity decrease and most other Districts indicated that manufacturing activity continued at low levels.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Boston, Richmond, St. Louis, Minneapolis and San Francisco reported contractions in services industries. Banking sectors in the New York, Cleveland, Richmond, St. Louis, Kansas City and San Francisco Districts experienced weaker demand for some categories of loans. Residential real estate markets stayed soft in most Districts, although many noted some signs of improvement. By contrast, commercial real estate markets weakened further in recent months in two-thirds of the Districts and remained slow in the others."</em><br />
<br />
A very mixed picture, but that mixed picture represents a substantial improvement over the extremely dire presentation in previous months. Again, sort of what you would expect when we are bumping along the bottom.<br />
<br />
<em>"Districts reported varied -- but generally modest -- price changes across sectors and products, <strong>with competitive pressures damping increases</strong>; however, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Minneapolis and Dallas noted that some metals prices have increased in recent months. Most Districts indicated that <strong>labor markets were extremely soft, with minimal wage pressures</strong>, and cited the use of various methods of reducing compensation in addition to, or instead of, freezing or cutting wages."</em><br />
<br />
Inflation is not a problem at this time (but could become a more serious one in the future). The increase in metals prices is interesting, but most metals are easily traded goods, and the pick up in prices could be due to stronger demand abroad, particularly in China.<br />
<br />
This is good news for the big mining firms like <strong>Freeport McMoran</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/fcx">FCX</a>) and <strong>BHP Billiton</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/bhp">BHP</a>). It will be hard to get an old fashioned wage-price spiral going with the wage side having no traction whatsoever.<br />
<br />
To the extent inflation does show up, it will be on the food and energy side, not core inflation. The end result will be a reduction in the real standard of living of the average American, not a runway inflationary cycle like in the 1970&#8217;s.<br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Consumer Spending and Tourism</strong></em><br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Consumer spending in the early summer remained below previous-year levels</strong> in most Districts, as households continued to be price conscious. Boston, Kansas City and San Francisco experienced either modest sales increases or less negative sales results than in recent reporting periods. Philadelphia, Atlanta, St. Louis, New York and Dallas cited flat or mixed sales, while sales in the remaining Districts remained soft.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Several Districts noted that consumers focused on purchasing less expensive necessities, while sales of big-ticket items languished. Retailers in Boston, Philadelphia and Dallas characterized their outlook as 'cautious.'</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Auto sales were mixed across the country. Chicago, Minneapolis and Kansas City saw modest increases in car sales, while New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland and Atlanta continued to experience subdued sales. The exception was sales of used vehicles, which continued to be strong or were strengthening, according to Philadelphia, Cleveland, Atlanta, Kansas City and San Francisco.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Travel and tourism declined in the majority of Districts. The San Francisco District observed a sharp drop in luxury and business travel, while tourism activity in New York City was weak but stable since the last Beige Book report. Tourism contacts along the Atlantic coast reported that with the exception of July 4th holiday bookings, business was generally weaker than a year ago. Hotel room rates have declined in several Districts."</em><br />
<br />
People are reacting to substantially reduced wealth from both housing and the stock market, as well as slowing incomes due to layoffs and reduced hours or wages. They need to rebuild their balance sheets by increasing savings or paying down debts. As a result, they are keeping their wallets shut as much as they can.<br />
<br />
Discretionary spending is, well, discretionary -- at least in the short term. As such it is the hardest hit. Tourism is sort of the ultimate in discretionary spending, so it is among the hardest hit areas. I would expect the major hotel companies like <strong>Starwood</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/hot">HOT</a>) and <strong>Marriott </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/mar">MAR</a>) face a tough intermediate-term future.<br />
<br />
Auto sales got down to an unsustainably low level, well below the normal rate at which cars go to the scrap heap. Thus it not surprising to see some rebound, but it is doubtful we will see the over 15 million a year rate that was the norm earlier this decade and in the 1990&#8217;s for quite awhile.<br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Nonfinancial Services</strong></em><br />
<em><br />
"District reports regarding<strong> nonfinancial services industries were largely negative</strong>, although they included a few bright spots. The Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Dallas Districts indicated that demand for professional services such as business support, architecture and legal services continued to decline or remained soft. By contrast, reports from the health care sector were largely positive, with the San Francisco, Minneapolis and Richmond Districts citing steady-to-increased demand for medical services, and the Atlanta, Cleveland, Chicago and Dallas Districts reporting hiring activity in health care.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Technology-related firms in the Kansas City District also reported heightened activity, especially in the clean technology and defense-driven aerospace markets. Richmond and Minneapolis noted increased demand for information technology workers, and Atlanta saw hiring activity in the defense and aerospace industry.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Staffing industry contacts in numerous Districts suggested a higher demand for temporary or part-time workers over permanent hires, and Atlanta noted that employers were taking advantage of a higher supply of skilled labor to improve the quality of their workforces.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Nearly all Districts reporting on <strong>transportation services observed continued weakness</strong>. Freight transport respondents from the Atlanta, Dallas and Cleveland Districts noted that <strong>cargo volumes remain below year-earlier levels</strong>. While Cleveland contacts reported that competitive shipping rates are being maintained, trucking contacts from the Atlanta District noted that an oversupply of trucks relative to demand has exerted <strong>downward pressure on rates</strong>. A few Districts also reported reduced airline traffic, especially amongst business travelers."</em><br />
<br />
Well there is a surprise -- health care is still growing while the rest of the economy is shrinking. This has been a pretty consistent pattern for...oh, the last 30 years or so...as health care becomes an ever larger part of the economy.<br />
<br />
It would be nice if there were some evidence that such spending were making us healthier, but there isn&#8217;t that much, especially relative to other countries that spend far less on health care and where the spending is growing more slowly. The weakness in freight traffic is a pretty key metric of how the overall economy is doing, and it is worthwhile to note that while they say it is below year-ago levels, they do not mention further deterioration in volumes, just that the oversupply of trucks is putting downward pressure on prices.<br />
<br />
One more factor on the side of deflation currently -- the pick up in temp hires might be a positive straw in the wind. It shows some more demand, but businesses are not sure if it is permanent yet.<br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Manufacturing</strong></em><br />
<br />
<em>"Reports on the manufacturing sector remained subdued but were slightly more positive than in the previous Beige Book. Many Districts characterized <strong>manufacturing activity as remaining depressed but with selected signs of modest improvement...albeit chiefly in nondurables</strong> industries. Districts attributed some of the recent increases in production to replenishment of finished-goods or customer inventories.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Chicago indicated that the quick resolutions of the Chrysler and GM bankruptcies have boosted business confidence, and that automakers were scheduling a pickup in production for July...Steel production remained depressed but has leveled off or increased somewhat...Refineries increased their capacity utilization slightly over the past six weeks, but overall industry conditions remain weak because of low demand for fuels.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Various District reports noted cancellations of orders for commercial aircraft and continued weak demand for most types of equipment and machinery. Among the positive developments in manufacturing, several Districts mentioned pickups in technology sectors, or cited strong or rising sales of military products or pharmaceuticals.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Comments on the near-term outlook varied across Districts, but on the whole they appear consistent with a forecast of <strong>modest and uneven recovery in manufacturing output beginning during roughly the coming six to twelve months</strong>. New York, Philadelphia and Atlanta indicated that manufacturers have a generally positive or improved near-term outlook. Dallas reported that high-tech manufacturers 'are seeing some upside potential in their forecasts instead of just down-side risks,' but that construction-related manufacturers 'expect no improvement in the near term.'</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Boston indicated that many respondents expect continued sub-par revenue numbers for the remainder of the year, but 'look forward to slowly improving business in 2010,' while Cleveland and Kansas City reported that manufacturing contacts expect little or no change in demand through the end of 2009."</em><br />
<br />
It looks like we might be on the cusp of an improvement in manufacturing, but just to replenish inventories that have gotten down to very low levels. That would be welcome, but is not sustainable unless final demand also picks up, and with incomes under pressure and a desire to save a bigger proportion of that income, demand is likely to remain soft for the foreseeable future. The improvement in Tech is consistent with what we have been seeing in the estimate revisions data, where analysts have been generally raising their sights lately for Tech firms earnings.<br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Real Estate and Construction</strong></em><br />
<em><br />
"<strong>Commercial real estate leasing markets were described as either 'weak' or 'slow' </strong>in all 12 Districts, although the severity of the downturn varied somewhat across Districts...<strong>resulting in sizable leasing concessions and/or declines in asking rents</strong>. Significant weakness in the retail leasing sector was reported for the Boston, Minneapolis and New York Districts, and industrial vacancy increased in the Atlanta, Dallas, Minneapolis and St. Louis Districts.</em><br />
<em><br />
"<strong>Commercial real estate sales volume remained low, even 'non-existent' in some Districts</strong>, reportedly due to a combination of tight credit and weak demand. Construction activity was limited and/or declining in most Districts, although exceptions were noted for health and institutional construction in the St. Louis District, public sector construction in the Chicago District, and the reconstruction of the World Trade Center in Manhattan. Tight credit was cited as an ongoing factor in the dearth of new construction activity.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"The commercial real estate outlook was mixed, both within and across Districts. Some contacts expect commercial real estate markets to improve within two quarters, and others predict further market deterioration for the remainder of 2009 and possibly through late 2010."</em><br />
<br />
Commercial Real Estate is proving to be to late 2009 and 2010 what residential real estate was to 2008 and early 2009. It is going to be the major source of new headaches for the banks. With rents falling and vacancies rising, declining construction activity is a good thing, although I am sure that construction workers do not agree with me on that.<br />
<br />
Most of the non-residential construction activity that is going on appears to be tied to the stimulus package or related to health care. Given the weakness for architects services noted above, commercial construction activity is likely to remain depressed for awhile.<br />
<br />
<em>"Residential real estate markets in most Districts remained weak, but many reported signs of improvement. The Minneapolis and San Francisco Districts cited large increases in home sales compared with 2008 levels, and other Districts reported rising sales in some submarkets.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Of the areas that continued to experience year-over-year sales declines, all except St Louis -- where sales were down steeply --  also reported that the pace of decline was moderating. In general, the low end of the market, especially entry-level homes, continued to perform relatively well; contacts in the New York, Kansas City and Dallas Districts attributed this relative strength, at least in part, to the first--time homebuyer tax credit. Condo sales were still far below year-before levels according to the Boston and New York reports.</em><br />
<em><br />
"In general, home prices continued to decline in most markets, although a number of Districts saw possible signs of stabilization. The Boston, Atlanta and Chicago Districts mentioned that the increasing number of foreclosure sales was exerting downward pressure on home prices. Residential construction reportedly remains quite slow, with the Chicago, Cleveland and Kansas City Districts noting that financing is difficult."</em><br />
<br />
The housing market is awful, but has stopped getting worse. Sales are starting to pick up, but it is going to be awhile before prices start to recover. Foreclosures will continue to weigh on the market for at least the next few quarters. The first-time homebuyer tax credit program appears to be a success, and inventories are coming down to more manageable levels.<br />
<em><br />
"<strong>Banking and Financial Services</strong></em><br />
<br />
<em>"In most reporting Districts, overall lending activity was stable or weakened further for most loan categories. In contrast, Philadelphia reported a slight increase in business, consumer and residential real estate lending. <strong>As businesses remained pessimistic and reluctant to borrow, demand for commercial and industrial loans continued to fall or stay weak</strong> in the New York, Richmond, St. Louis, Kansas City, Dallas and San Francisco Districts. Consumer loan demand decreased in New York, St. Louis, Kansas City and San Francisco, stabilized at a low level in Chicago and Dallas, and was steady to up in Cleveland.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Residential real estate lending decreased in New York, Richmond, and St. Louis. Dallas reported steady but low outstanding mortgage volumes, while Kansas City noted that the rise in mortgage loans slowed. Refinancing activity fell dramatically in Richmond, decreased in New York and Cleveland, and maintained its pace in Dallas. Bankers in the New York District indicated no change in delinquency rates in all loan categories except residential mortgages, while Cleveland, Atlanta and San Francisco reported rising delinquencies on loans linked to real estate.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Banks continued to tighten credit standards in the New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, Chicago, Kansas City, Dallas and San Francisco Districts, and some have stepped up the requirements for the commercial real estate category, in particular, due to concern over declining loan quality. Meanwhile, Cleveland and Atlanta reported that higher credit standards remained in place, with no change expected in the near term. Credit quality deteriorated in Philadelphia, Cleveland, Kansas City and San Francisco, while loan quality exceeded expectations in Chicago and remained steady in Richmond."</em><br />
<br />
In an overleveraged country, I am not sure that the decline in lending activity is such a bad thing from a long-term point of view, however it does slow down economic growth. Given how fast public debt is growing, if loan demand were also strong in the private sector it is likely that interest rates would rise, perhaps rather sharply.<br />
<br />
We saw the same pattern in terms of lending activity with residential mortgages that is now happening on the commercial side. As prices fall, the bankers are not as sure about the value of the collateral and become more reluctant to lend. Then again, those falling prices are evidence of a glut of available resources, so adding to the inventory of unused offices and strip malls is probably not a good thing to do in any case.<br />
<br />
The decline in residential mortgage activity is probably a reflection of the recent rise in mortgage rates (relative to April and May). It does call into question the sustainability of the recent pick-up we saw in home sales (both new and used).<br />
<br />
<em>"</em><strong><em>Employment, Wages and Prices</em></strong><br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>All Districts indicated that labor markets remain slack, with most sectors either reducing jobs or holding steady, and aggregate employment continuing to decline</strong>, on net. However, Boston, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis and Minneapolis noted selective hiring, including attempts by some firms to take advantage of layoffs elsewhere to pick up experienced talent.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"Richmond, Chicago, St. Louis and Dallas cited moderation in the pace of manufacturing employment decline since the last report, and New York noted some signs of labor market stabilization. But Atlanta reported further deterioration in labor market conditions and additional job cuts already planned for coming months.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>The weakness of labor markets has virtually eliminated upward wage pressure, and wages and compensation are steady or falling in most Districts</strong>; however, Boston cited some manufacturing and business services firms raising pay selectively, and Minneapolis said wage increases were moderate. Boston, Cleveland, Richmond, Chicago, Dallas and San Francisco cited a range of methods firms are using to limit compensation, i<strong>ncluding cutting or freezing wages or benefit contributions, deferral of future salary increases, trimming bonuses and travel allowances, reducing hours, temporary shutdowns, periodic furloughs and unpaid vacations</strong>.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"<strong>Most Districts reported that upward price pressures were minimal</strong>. Manufacturers in the Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas Districts indicated that most materials costs were flat or down; however, several Districts mentioned price increases for some metals, petrochemicals and building materials.</em><br />
<br />
<em>"While the Boston, New York and Kansas City reports say a few firms are making modest price increases stick, selling prices of most manufacturers and retailers were reportedly held down by competitive pressures. Services firms have increased discounting and/or cut fees, according to contacts in Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Dallas and San Francisco, while Richmond indicated price increases for services were mild."</em><br />
<br />
The current economic environment is by its nature deflationary, which tends to raise real interest rates and further slow economic activity. The private sector is attempting to deleverage and repair balance sheets. The policy responses to this have been explicitly inflationary to counteract the natural deflation.<br />
<br />
For the time being, it looks like the forces of deflation continue to have the upper hand. I don&#8217;t see where the increasing prices for building materials are coming from given the weak construction markets, unless they are being exported. I suspect the strength in metals prices is also mostly coming from China.<br />
<br />
Core inflation is likely to remain subdued, and businesses will have trouble making any attempted price increase stick. If inflation shows up, it is likely to first show up on the food and energy side, and will cause headline inflation to outpace the rate of compensation growth. Given the cutting or freezing of wages, etc. it will not take much in the way of headline inflation to reduce the real standard of living of most people.<br />
<br />
Overall, this was a downbeat report, but not as downbeat as we have seen in recent months. The picture is one of an economy stuck in the mud, not one falling off a cliff. For now, deflation remains a more significant threat than inflation, but given the increase in the size of the Fed balance sheet, it is not time to forget about potential inflation down the road.<br />
<br />
Unemployment is going to be a very big problem for quite awhile. That slack in the economy will make it hard for inflation to gain traction. People are not going to be seeing their incomes go up, and will want to save more of what they do earn.<br />
<br />
This will be a double-whammy on consumption. Over the long term, this is not a bad thing, since at over 70% consumption is a far bigger share of our economy than it is for most of our competitors. But at 70% of the economy, if consumption is weak, there is no way for the economy as a whole to avoid being weak.<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=FCX">Read the full analyst report on "FCX"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=BHP">Read the full analyst report on "BHP"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=HOT">Read the full analyst report on "HOT"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=MAR">Read the full analyst report on "MAR"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>The Daily Resource &#8211; July 21, 2009</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/the-daily-resource-july-21-2009/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/the-daily-resource-july-21-2009/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 20:07:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=19304</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[h4 class="red"Precious Metals/h4
pGold jumped up about midway through trading in the Far East and continued its rise through London and the Comex open to an intraday high just north of $955. But at around 10 a.m. in New York the yellow metal got knocked down below $950 where it stayed through the Globex close, finishing at $949.10/oz., up $11.40. Overnight, gold is little changed./p
pPlatinum experienced a sharp sell-off late in Hong Kong, but clawed its way back to post a decent gain for the day, closing at $1181/oz., up $9. Overnight, platinum is slightly higher./p
pSilver made big gains through Hong Kong and early London trading that were far too substantial to get wiped out by the 10 a.m. sell-off in New#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Pinpointing the recovery</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/pinpointing-the-recovery/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 08:19:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Prieur du Plessis</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[By Cees Bruggemans
At what point does GDP (the value of all goods and services produced in the economy, excluding inflation) stop dropping, ending recession? When does activity start rising again, heralding recovery?
Recession endings and recovery starts depend on what the level of GDP is doing. After spending, output, employment and profits have dropped considerably during [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Frightened Investors Move Back into US Treasuries</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/frightened-investors-move-back-into-us-treasuries/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:30:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[pJobs data skewed by #8217;seasonal adjustments#8217;#8230;  BOE surprises the market#8230;  Oil falls below $60#8230;  China#8217;s reserves continue to grow#8230; And Now#8230; Today#8217;s Pfennig!/p
pGood day#8230;Chuck has a bevy of doctor#8217;s appointments today, so he decided to let me take over the Pfennig. Unfortunately it will go out a little later than usual, as I always struggle to get all of my thoughts together so early in the morning. Its not that I come in late (I was here two hours before everyone else) but it just takes me much longer than Chuck to get it all on paper. But enough of the excuses, I#8217;ve got to get writing./p
pWeekly jobless claims released in the US yesterday morning fell below 600k for the first time since January#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>CHINDIA &#8211; In the Driver&#8217;s Seat &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/chindia-in-the-drivers-seat-analyst-blog/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:25:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/22060/CHINDIA+-+In+the+Driver%27s+Seat+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>China and India (CHINDIA) established themselves as automobile market leaders by posting a staggering 36.5% and 14% growth, respectively, in auto sales during June. Government incentives such as sales tax and interest rate cuts as well as subsidies to trade in older cars are the principal factors behind the growth.</p>
<p>Passenger car sales in China totaled 872,900 units, outpacing the U.S. by 13,053 units during June.</p>
<p>Passenger car sales in India were up 8% during the month, a significant improvement from a 4% decrease in May. Apart from Government incentives, new models such as Maruti Suzuki Ritz, Honda Jazz and Fiat Grande Punto pushed sales growth in the country.</p>
<p>The results will surely attract global automakers toward these countries to drive revenues in a gloomy auto industry.</p>
<p>During June, the U.S. auto industry posted a sales decline of 28%. Industry sales fell short of the targeted annual rate of 10 million units by 310,000 units. <strong>Ford</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/F">F</a>) reported a 10.9% sales decline. Sales at <strong>General Motors</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GMGMQ">GMGMQ</a>), the largest carmaker by volume, tumbled 33.6%. However, sales at Ford and General Motors surged 14% and 38%, respectively, in the first half of the year in China.</p>
<p>The European auto market is yet to revive. Both the leading automakers of Germany &#8211; BMW (BMW) and <strong>Daimler </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/DAI">DAI</a>) &#8211; reported declines of 13% and 7%, respectively, in car sales during June. Nevertheless, the automakers&#8217; sales were strong in China during the month.</p>
<p>We continue to recommend DAI and F as Holds.</p>
<p> </p><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=F">Read the full analyst report on "F"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GMGMQ">Read the full analyst report on "GMGMQ"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=DAI">Read the full analyst report on "DAI"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>The Debate is Over. China Wins!</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-china/the-debate-is-over-china-wins/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-china/the-debate-is-over-china-wins/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:30:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Andrew Snyder</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emerging Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beijing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China Architectural Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[contrarian profits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Detroit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[main bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qiao Xing Mobile Communication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Macro Trader]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=18950</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pChina is pouring hundreds of billions of dollars into its economy trying to permanently displace its reliance on American money. With more than a trillion dollars up for grabs, are you ready to get your share?br /
Forget about a quickly inflating bubble that could lead to devastation in just a few years, China wants growth and it wants it now./p
pThanks to Beijing’s recent $586 billion stimulus attempt, the country is growing at a pace that is stomping the rest of the economically depressed world./p
pInstead of following Bernanke and Geithner’s plans to revive the economy through monetary policy, China is following a purely fiscal strategy. With a fixed currency and a slew of massive state-owned corporations, spending easy money is about all#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Brazilian Steel Industry Recovers &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/brazilian-steel-industry-recovers-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/brazilian-steel-industry-recovers-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 22:07:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companhia Siderurgica Nacional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Motors Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gerdau S.A.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.R.I.S. s.a. TG3Z3510AFCS Headset]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Petrobras]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Petroleo Brasileiro SA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rio De Janeiro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state-run oil giant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Steel Demand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Steel Industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[steel prices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supported steel industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Macro Trader]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/22038/Brazilian+Steel+Industry+Recovers+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Brazilian steelmakers, <strong>Gerdau S.A.</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GGB">GGB</a>) and <strong>Companhia Siderurgica Nacional</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/SID">SID</a>) have signed a memorandum of understanding with state-run oil giant <strong>Petroleo Brasileiro SA</strong> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/PBR">PBR</a> or <strong>Petrobras</strong>), to build ports in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The construction is expected to begin in 2014 with a total investment of approx US$500 million.</p>
<p>The steel industry in the US is in distress, but it is on the road to recovery in Brazil. An increase in export price and new domestic projects are helping Brazilian steel industry. Moreover, government&#8217;s plan to cut labor costs in the country will in a way boost industrial productivity and growth.</p>
<p>Domestic steel prices are falling, which is likely to facilitate the Real Estate industry. Thus, <strong>Gafisa </strong>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GFA">GFA</a>), one of the largest builders and incorporators of Brazil, will stand to benefit in the medium- to long-term.</p>
<p>In June, General Motors Brazil car sales reached 55.629 vehicles, the highest monthly sales volume in the company's 84-year history in Brazil. While General Motors in the US is mixed in bankruptcy proceedings, its Brazilian subsidiary is doing better than ever.</p>
<p>An increase in sales of automobiles in the country has supported steel industry to a greater degree. Cars and trucks sales in June 2009 escalated by 17.2% over June 2008 and it increased by 3% in the first six months of 2009 over December 2008. Reduction in Tax on Industrialized Products (IPI) from June has helped increase automobile sales in June by 21.5% over May. Seeing this, the government extended the tax break from October to December 2009.</p>
<p>However, the international economic slowdown can lead to a stronger-than-expected decrease in international steel demand. The difficult economic environment in the U.S. remains a threat for the steel industry on a whole and GGB in particular, due to its exposure to the U.S. market. Thus, we are reiterating our Sell rating on GGB but have a neutral view on SID encouraged by the impressive Casa de Pedra project and the Namisa deal.</p><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GGB">Read the full analyst report on "GGB"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=SID">Read the full analyst report on "SID"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=PBR">Read the full analyst report on "PBR"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GFA">Read the full analyst report on "GFA"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>CarMax Surges 13%+ as Q1 Tops &#8211; Zacks Tale of the Tape</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/carmax-surges-13-as-q1-tops-zacks-tale-of-the-tape/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/carmax-surges-13-as-q1-tops-zacks-tale-of-the-tape/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2009 18:25:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car retailer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CarMax;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cent;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/21278/CarMax+Surges+13%25%2B+as+Q1+Tops+-+Zacks+Tale+of+the+Tape</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<b><br />CarMax Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/KMX">KMX</a>) reported first-quarter adjusted earnings that easily topped Wall Street expectations, despite lackluster sales. Shares of this Zacks #1 Rank ("Strong Buy") company jumped nearly 14% in response. 
<p>Volume has been extraordinarily high today at approximately 9.6 million, against the average daily volume of about 3.8 million. </p>
<p>The nation's largest used car retailer posted a 17% decline in sales to $1.8 billion, which still bettered analysts' expectations. </p>
<p>Same-store used car sales slipped 17%, partially due to the sluggish performance of CarMax Auto Finance. </p>
<p>The consensus forecast for the year ending February 2010 moved up a penny over the past month to 25 cents per share, as 2 out of 11 analysts raised estimates. The most accurate estimate is even bullish at 27 cents per share. </p>
<p></p><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZRANK&#38;t=KMX">"KMX" Free Stock Analysis: Buy? Sell? Hold?</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>The recession in historical context</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/the-recession-in-historical-context/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/the-recession-in-historical-context/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 08:44:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Prieur du Plessis</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bank bailouts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Council On Foreign Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Reserve System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[investment postcards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oil exporters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil Prices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paul Swartz;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Real gross domestic product;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[time oil prices]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.investmentpostcards.com/?p=7100</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[How does the current economic and financial downturn match up to past contractions? In an attempt to present matters in historical context, the Council on Foreign Relations recently published a fascinating chart book and pertinent conclusions, as shared in this post.]]></description>
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		<title>Autozone, Inc. &#8211; Momentum &#8211; Zacks Rank Buy</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/autozone-inc-momentum-zacks-rank-buy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/autozone-inc-momentum-zacks-rank-buy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Michael Vodicka</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AutoZone Inc.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AZO;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill Rhodes;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cent;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[retail auto-parts industry;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/commentary/11219/Autozone%2C+Inc.+-+Momentum+-+Zacks+Rank+Buy</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<b>Autozone, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/AZO">AZO</a>) is one of a number of auto-parts retailers that has done well in the challenging economy. Estimates are up and the company's share price has been trending higher since November of last year.  
<p ALIGN="left">
<b>Company Description</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Autozone, Inc. is a specialty retailer and distributor of automotive replacement parts and accessories. The company operates more than 4,250 stores primarily in the Unites States and has a market cap of $8.41 billion. 
</p><p ALIGN="left">
With the economy stuck in a rut and consumers struggling under financial pressure, car sales have fallen sharply. This has been a boon for the retail auto-parts industry, which has thrived as owners upgrade existing models instead of buying new. This dynamic helped Autozone produce solid third-quarter results, reported on May 27.  
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Third-Quarter Results</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left"> 
Sales were up 9% from last year to $1.66 billion. Earnings came in at $173.7 million, up from $158.6 million last year, producing earnings of $3.13 per share. 
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>CEO Speak</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Autozone CEO Bill Rhodes underscored this trend, saying that, "The current economic environment, combined with the reduction in fuel prices compared to last year, has clearly been beneficial to our industry's performance."
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Estimates Climb</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Estimates have nudged higher since the good quarter, with the current-year estimate up 40 cents to $11.70. The next-year estimate is pegged at $13.13, a 12% growth projection. 
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>The Chart</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Shares of AZO have rebounded nicely over the last 7 months after dipping lower with the overall market in 2008. Take a look at the nice move below. 
</p><p ALIGN="left">
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<img src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1245176976.jpg"/>




<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br /></p>]]></description>
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		<title>Zacks Bull and Bear of the Day Highlights: Abbott Laboratories, School Specialty, Ford, Toyota and AutoZone. &#8211; Press Releases</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/zacks-bull-and-bear-of-the-day-highlights-abbott-laboratories-school-specialty-ford-toyota-and-autozone-press-releases/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/zacks-bull-and-bear-of-the-day-highlights-abbott-laboratories-school-specialty-ford-toyota-and-autozone-press-releases/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2009 14:12:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Abbott Laboratories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Autozone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chicago]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cut services;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[healthcare products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humira]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leonard Zacks;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pharmaceutical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Equity Research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Investment Research Inc.;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/21059/Zacks+Bull+and+Bear+of+the+Day+Highlights%3A+Abbott+Laboratories%2C+School+Specialty%2C+Ford%2C+Toyota+and+AutoZone.+-+Press+Releases</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For Immediate Release 
<p align="left">Chicago, IL - June 15, 2009 - Zacks Equity Research highlights <b>Abbott Laboratories </b>(<a href="void(0)">ABT</a>) as the Bull of the Day and <b>School Specialty </b>(<a href="void(0)">SCHS</a>) the Bear of the Day. In addition, Zacks Equity Research provides analysis on <b>Ford </b>(<a href="void(0)">F</a>), <b>Toyota </b>(<a href="void(0)">TM</a>) and <b>AutoZone </b>(<a href="void(0)">AZO</a>). </p>
<p align="left">Full analysis of all these stocks is available at http://at.zacks.com/?id=2676. </p>
<p align="left">Here is a synopsis of all five stocks: </p>
<p align="left"><b>Bull of the Day:</b> </p>
<p align="left"><b>Abbott Laboratories </b>(<a href="void(0)">ABT</a>) discovers, develops, manufactures and sells a diversified line of healthcare products. We expect almost 10% EPS growth over the next five years driven by strong sales of Humira and the company's rapidly growing vascular business. </p>
<p align="left">Several new drug applications have recently been filed with the FDA, which should accelerate sales in the pharmaceutical business. We believe ABT possesses a low risk profile and will continue to trade at an industry premium. </p>
<p align="left">Accordingly, we reiterate our Buy recommendation with a price target of $65. </p>
<p align="left"><b>Bear of the Day:</b> </p>
<p align="left"><b>School Specialty's </b>(<a href="void(0)">SCHS</a>) fiscal fourth quarter sales came in as expected, but the company's earnings easily beat our estimate thanks to strong cost-cutting efforts. The company did not provide specific guidance for fiscal year 2010, citing delays in the passage of state and school budgets. </p>
<p align="left">SCHS is highly dependent on state and local governments for its revenues, and many of those governments are dealing with falling tax receipts and rising budget deficits. The federal government's stimulus package should help, but there is no guarantee that those funds find their way into education. </p>
<p align="left">As such, School Specialty's revenue could come in below even our pessimistic forecasts. We would continue to avoid SCHS shares because the company's future results will not be due to the execution of its business model -- they will be determined by decisions made by state and local governments. Trying to game spending by state and local governments is not a prudent investment strategy. </p>
<p align="left"><b>Latest Posts on the Zacks Analyst Blog:</b> </p>
<p align="left"><i>Still Leveraging Up </i></p>
<p align="left">The prospect of very high inflation down the road is real. It is not a current danger given the huge amount of slack in the system. With unemployment at 9.4% and rising, there is simply no way that the wage side of a wage-price spiral can take hold. Thus for the time being, any inflation will simply serve as a method to reduce the real incomes of Americans. </p>
<p align="left">The invisible hand of the market is going to force us to cut back on our consumption one way or the other. This means, among other things, that we will most likely never go back to an annual sales rate of 17 million for car sales. That is not good news over the long term for <b>Ford </b>(<a href="void(0)">F</a>) or even <b>Toyota </b>(<a href="void(0)">TM</a>). It might, however, be good news for <b>AutoZone </b>(<a href="void(0)">AZO</a>) since we will be patching up the old jalopy for much longer. </p>
<p align="left">Dramatically lower consumption over time is not going to be good news for the vast majority of retailers or for the firms in the consumer discretionary sector. I'm not just talking about this year's revenues and earnings, but their revenues and earnings for the next decade (at least). On the corporate side, to reduce total debt companies are going to have to pay far less in dividends and not repurchase stock, and use retained earnings to increase equity relative to debt. State and Local governments will have to both raise taxes and cut services. This is going to seriously slow GDP growth, which will make it all the more difficult to reduce the level of debt relative to GDP. </p>
<p>Get the most recent insight from Zacks Equity Research with the free Profit from the Pros newsletter: <a href="http://at.zacks.com/?id=2649">http://at.zacks.com/?id=2649</a>.</p>
<p style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">About the Bull and Bear of the Day</p>
<p>Every day, the analysts at Zacks Equity Research select two stocks that are likely to outperform (Bull) or underperform (Bear) the markets over the next 3-6 months.</p>
<p style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">About the Analyst Blog</p>
<p>Updated throughout every trading day, the Analyst Blog provides analysis from Zacks Equity Research about the latest news and events impacting stocks and the financial markets.</p>
<p style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">About Zacks Equity Research</p>
<p>Zacks Equity Research provides the best of quantitative and qualitative analysis to help investors know what stocks to buy and which to sell for the long-term.</p>
<p>Continuous coverage is provided for a universe of 1,150 publicly traded stocks. Our analysts are organized by industry which gives them keen insights to developments that affect company profits and stock performance. Recommendations and target prices are six-month time horizons.</p>
<p>Zacks "Profit from the Pros" e-mail newsletter provides highlights of the latest analysis from Zacks Equity Research. Subscribe to this free newsletter today by visiting <a href="http://at.zacks.com/?id=2677">http://at.zacks.com/?id=2677</a>.</p>
<p style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">About Zacks </p>
<p>Zacks.com is a property of Zacks Investment Research, Inc., which was formed in 1978 by Leonard Zacks. As a PhD in mathematics Len knew he could find patterns in stock market data that would lead to superior investment results. Amongst his many accomplishments was the formation of his proprietary stock picking system; the Zacks Rank, which continues to outperform the market by nearly a 3 to 1 margin. The best way to unlock the profitable stock recommendations and market insights of Zacks InvestmentResearch is through our free daily email newsletter; Profit from the Pros. In short, it's your steady flow of Profitable ideas GUARANTEED to be worth your time! Register for your free subscription to Profit from the Pros at <a href="http://at.zacks.com/?id=4582">http://at.zacks.com/?id=4582</a>.</p>
<p>Visit <a href="http://www.zacks.com/performance">http://www.zacks.com/performance</a> for information about the performance numbers displayed in this press release.</p>
<p>Disclaimer: Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investors should always research companies and securities before making any investments. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security.</p>Contact:<br />Mark Vickery<br />Web Content Editor<br />312-265-9380<br />Visit: www.zacks.com<br />
<p align="left"></p><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Still Leveraging Up &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/still-leveraging-up-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/still-leveraging-up-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 17:46:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dirk Van Dijk</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/21027/Still+Leveraging+Up+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<br />The U.S. as a whole continues to dig itself deeper into debt, even though the composition of that debt is changing. The graph below (data from <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/current/default.htm" target="_self">http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/current/default.htm</a>) shows the total debt in the U.S. over time broken down by major sectors -- the Y axis is in billions of dollars.<br /><br />The final bar of the graph is for the end of the first quarter of 2009, while all the others are year-end figures, which is important to keep in mind since the differences between the other bars represents a full year, and the difference between the last two represents only three months.<br /><br />Total debt in the economy rose by 327.7 billion in the first quarter, but more than all of that ($359.9 billion) was due to increased federal debt (held by the public, excludes Social Security trust fund). The other sectors of the economy had essentially flat growth with relatively minor declines in the household and financial sectors, partially offset by minor increases in S&#38;L debt and non financial corporate debt.<br /><br />True, this is a slower pace of debt buildup than seen in the recent past. In 2008, total debt rose at an average of $654 billion per quarter, and in 2007 the pace was 1,149 billion a quarter. But the point is that we are still taking on debt, not deleveraging. What we have been doing is replacing private debt for public debt, and to some extent replacing State and Local debt for Federal debt.<br /><br />There is a historical precedent for this. During the George Washington Administration, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton persuaded Congress to pay off the Revolutionary War debts of not only the Continental Congress but of the States as well -- a move that greatly enriched speculators and formed the basis for the original U.S. banking oligarchy (sound familiar?). Hamilton was right about one thing, though -- the Federal Government is better able to shoulder the burden than are individuals, businesses or municipalities.<br /><br />However, Federal debt is still a very small portion of overall debt, and there has to be a limit to how much of the total that can be shirted there.<br /><br /><img alt="" src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1244824524.jpg" /><br /><br />While GDP has grown substantially over the years, it has not come close to matching the pace of debt growth, as seen in the second chart (from <a href="http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/06/guest-post-what-de-leveraging.html" target="_self">http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/06/guest-post-what-de-leveraging.html</a>). Since 1977, debt has grown from 160% of GDP to almost 375% of GDP. With GDP falling in the first quarter, this means that there has been no real slowdown in the growth rate of debt relative to GDP, even though the absolute rate of debt growth has slowed.<br /><br />I doubt that we can continue to sustain ever-increasing debt relative to GDP. If the current pace continues, it will not be long before total debt is five times GDP, and in only a few decades it would be ten times GDP. I'm not sure what the limit is, but we have to be approaching it.<br /><br />What does bringing down the total debt burden on the economy mean? Barring a dramatic and sustained acceleration in the rate of GDP growth to Chinese-type levels (not going to happen), it means that households and businesses are going to have to borrow less, save more and pay back the debt...or start defaulting on it. We got a taste of what it is like when households and businesses are not able to borrow last fall, and it is not any fun.<br /><br />As a nation, we have been living large on the credit card for the last 30 years. Now we have to start paying the bill.<br /><br />We are going to have to shift the entire economy away from consumption and towards investment in things that will produce future income that can pay off the debts. Either that or the current bankruptcies we are seeing in both the corporate and household sectors (and also foreclosures which can be seen as a partial bankruptcy by a homeowner) will continue to swell, as the problem is solved by default rather than repayment.<br /><br />Given the number of states and localities that are in deep fiscal trouble (see California), this may extend to huge numbers of Chapter 9 bankruptcies (municipal) as well as Chapter 11 (corporate) and Chapter 13 (personal). This will not be good news for the financial sector -- most notably the banks, but not limited to them. Given its ownership of the printing press, the bankruptcy of the Federal government is not likely until long after the dollar loses its reserve currency status and the Federal government is forced to borrow in currencies other than the dollar.<br /><br />However, the prospect of very high inflation down the road is real. It is not a current danger given the huge amount of slack in the system. With unemployment at 9.4% and rising, there is simply no way that the wage side of a wage-price spiral can take hold.  Thus for the time being, any inflation will simply serve as a method to reduce the real incomes of Americans.<br /><br />The invisible hand of the market is going to force us to cut back on our consumption one way or the other. This means, among other things, that we will most likely never go back to an annual sales rate of 17 million for car sales. That is not good news over the long term for <span style="font-weight: bold;">Ford</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/f">F</a>) or even <span style="font-weight: bold;">Toyota</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/tm">TM</a>). It might, however, be good news for <span style="font-weight: bold;">AutoZone </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/azo">AZO</a>) since we will be patching up the old jalopy for much longer.<br /><br />Dramatically lower consumption over time is not going to be good news for the vast majority of retailers or for the firms in the consumer discretionary sector. I'm not just talking about this year's revenues and earnings, but their revenues and earnings for the next decade (at least). On the corporate side, to reduce total debt companies are going to have to pay far less in dividends and not repurchase stock, and use retained earnings to increase equity relative to debt. State and Local governments will have to both raise taxes and cut services. This is going to seriously slow GDP growth, which will make it all the more difficult to reduce the level of debt relative to GDP.<br /><br />Maybe I am wrong about the limit of indebtedness as a country being reached. Perhaps the can will be kicked down the road further and total debt will reach 500% or 1000% of GDP. There is nothing particularly magical about 375% of GDP, but as Nixon's chief economist Herbert Stein once pointed out, "if a trend cannot go on forever, it will stop." Well, debt cannot perpetually increase at a greater rate than GDP, so eventually it has to stop. My sense is that it has to happen sooner rather than later.<br /><br />This mess has been a long time in the making, and will take a very long time to clean up.<br /><br /> <img alt="" src="http://www.zacks.com/images/upload_dir/1244824536.jpg" /><br /><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=F">Read the full analyst report on "F"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TM">Read the full analyst report on "TM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=AZO">Read the full analyst report on "AZO"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Today in Russian Business &#8211; June 9, 2009</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-russia-stocks/today-in-russian-business-june-9-2009/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-russia-stocks/today-in-russian-business-june-9-2009/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2009 09:15:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Robert Amsterdam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:www.robertamsterdam.com,2009://1.18917</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[President Medvedev has said that bankruptcy laws need to be changed to maximize the possibilities of 'revamping an enterprise'.&#160; Apparently Russian bailiffs are on the point of selling Telenor's stake in Vimpelcom to cover the $1.7 billion court fine against...]]></description>
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		<title>Not a robust recovery</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/not-a-robust-recovery/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/not-a-robust-recovery/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2009 19:14:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James Hamilton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/not_a_robust_re.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Often after a sharp economic downturn we observe an <a href="http://artsci.wustl.edu/~morley/shapes.pdf">equally dramatic recovery</a>.  But nobody can claim to be seeing that so far in the currently available data.</p>
<p>Since the beginning of April, we've been discussing one potentially favorable indicator in the form of <a href="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/04/another_green_s.html">new claims for unemployment insurance</a>.  In each of the last 6 recessions, the 4-week average of this series reached a peak less than 8 weeks before the economic recovery began.  None of the readings over the last 8 weeks exceeded the value reached April 9, consistent with the hypothesis that we are past the peak in new claims for this cycle.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Black line: 4-week average of seasonally adjusted weekly initial claims for unemployment insurance, from <a href="http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/opa/">Department of Labor</a> via Webstract. Shaded areas correspond to recessions as judged by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img alt="claims1_jun_09.gif" src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/claims1_jun_09.gif"/>
</td></tr></table> 

<br />

<p>On the other hand, the most recent values for initial unemployment claims have not shown further improvements.  Although the number released on Thursday was widely reported in the press as a drop in the number of new claims, it actually resulted in a slight increase in the 4-week average, putting the latter pretty much back where it was 4 weeks ago.  If we were really beginning a recovery similar to that experienced in previous episodes, we should be seeing sharper drops in this number at this point.</p>

<br />

<img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/claims2_jun_09.gif"/>
<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Detailed behavior of seasonally adjusted weekly new claims for unemployment insurance (black line) and 4-week average (blue line) associated with historical peaks and most recent episode.  Vertical lines in first five episodes denote the first week of the first month following the business cycle trough as designated by the NBER.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/claims3_jun_09.gif"/>
</td></tr></table> 

<br />

<p>And if an economic recovery had begun at this point, we should be seeing confirmation in a number of other indicators.  The downturn in business fixed investment gained momentum late in this cycle, leading me to expect the recovery to begin with <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2009/03/business-cycle-temporal-order.html"> growth in personal consumption and housing</a>.</p> 

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Average cumulative change in 100 times the natural log of real GDP or its respective component beginning from the business cycle peak for the 10 recessions between 1947 and 2001.  Horizontal axis denotes quarters after the peak.
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/03/rec_avg_mar_09.gif"/>
</td></tr></table> 

<br />

<p>One indicator I'm watching in particular is new car sales, since current sales are <a href="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/02/january_auto_sa_1.html">unsustainably low</a> given scrappage of old vehicles.  But I see little sunshine in the May auto sales numbers.  Total light vehicles sold in the U.S. had been down 34% between April 2008 and April 2009, and were down that same 34% between May 2008 and May 2009.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h5>
Light vehicles sold in the United States.  Data source: <a href="http://www.wardsauto.com/keydata/">Wardsauto.com</a>
</h5></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/vehicles_jun_09.gif"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>We did now get <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2009/06/consumption-down-saving-rate-increases.html">two consecutive monthly increases</a> in disposable personal income, and that's certainly good news.  But it's interesting and important that real personal consumption expenditures actually fell across those months, leaving some doubt about whether PCE growth will make a positive contribution to the 2009:Q2 GDP numbers.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Source: <a href="http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2009/06/more-on-consumption-in-april.html">Calculated Risk</a>.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/pce_jun_09.jpg"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>Consumer sentiment has lifted, but has not apparently brought spending up with it.</p>


<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Reuters/Michigan index of consumer sentiment. Data source: <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/umcsent">FRED</a> and
<a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/consumer-sentiment-rises-in-may-better-times-seen">MarketWatch</a>.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/sentiment_jun_09.gif"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>The reason for that, I believe, is that the recent consumption slowdown is not an "animal spirits" kind of move, but instead is at least in part a response to a previous profound imbalance in the ratio of household debt to GDP.  Capital markets were seriously malfunctioning over 2004-2006, with many loans made that we can see today were in the interests of neither borrowers nor lenders.  Deleveraging is going to be an unavoidable part of the correction process, no matter how consumers feel.</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Household debt as a fraction of GDP.  Data source:
Federal Reserve Board Flow of Funds, <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/Current/data.htm">Table L2</a>.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/household_debt_jun_09.gif"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>The drop in oil prices since last summer was certainly helpful for that goal of strengthening household finances.  But that also makes the significant move in oil prices back up since December a troubling development.  </p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
National average U.S. gasoline retail price.  Source:
<a href="http://www.newjerseygasprices.com/retail_price_chart.aspx">NewJerseyGasPrices.com</a>.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/gas_price_jun_09.png"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>The 16% increase in gasoline prices between December and February resulted in an additional $37 billion spending by consumers at an annual rate on gasoline and fuel oil, increasing the share of energy purchases in consumer budgets from 4.85% in December to 5.17% in February.  The additional 40% increase we've seen in the retail price of gasoline since February has likely brought that expenditure share back up above 6%.
</p>

<br />

<table>
<caption align="bottom"> <h6>
Energy expenditures as a fraction of consumer spending.  Calculated as 100 times nominal monthly consumption expenditures on energy goods and services divided by total personal consumption expenditures.  Data source: BEA Table 2.3.5U, “Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product and Expenditure,” obtained from <a href="http://www.econstats.com/nipa/NIPA2u_2_3_6U_.htm">Econstats</a>.  Dashed line is drawn at 6.0%.
</h6></caption>
<tr><td><img src="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2009/06/nrg_share_jun_09.gif"/></td></tr></table>

<br />

<p>A robust recovery?  How and where?</p>

<br />
<hr />
<p>Technorati Tags: <a rel="tag" href="http://www.technorati.com/tags/macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a>, 
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		<title>Japan GDP Falls to Record Low but May Have Bottomed</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/japan-gdp-falls-to-record-low-but-may-have-bottomed/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2009 14:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Don Miller</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[pJapan’s Cabinet Office said today (Wednesday) that economic output fell to its worst levels ever, tumbling an annualized 15.2% in the first quarter, as the worst recession in 60 years hammered exports and consumer demand./p
pDespite the disturbing news from Japan - the world’s second largest economy - some analysts are optimistic that the record gross domestic production (GDP) decline may be the low point, with business activity picking up from here./p
p“There was a collapse across the board,” Yoshiki Shinke, a senior economist at Dai-Ichi Life Research Institute in Tokyo, told strongemBloomberg  News/em/strong. But there’s “a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601068#38;sid=aeZ_K.uTF0bs#38;refer=home/" target="_blank"light  at the end of the tunnel/a,” he said, adding that he believes the economy will rebound this quarter as companies replace inventories and stimulus plans#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>Get in the Zone, AutoZone</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/financial/get-in-the-zone-autozone/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2009 11:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bullish Bankers</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#60;!&#8211;[if gte mso 9]&#62; Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 &#60;![endif]&#8211;&#62;&#60;!&#8211;[if gte mso 9]&#62; &#60;![endif]&#8211;&#62;
Due to the weak economy, Americans are resorting to keeping their vehicles longer, leaving automakers like General Motors [GM: 1.45, 0.00 (0.00%)] and Ford [F: 5.41, 0.00 (0.00%)] struggling with new car sales. One statistic shows that the average age of [...]]]></description>
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		<title>General Motors Leaves U.S. Workers by the Wayside as it Accelerates Operations in China</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/general-motors-leaves-us-workers-by-the-wayside-as-it-accelerates-operations-in-china/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 14:30:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Contrarian Profits</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[pFor decades, General Motors Corp. (NYSE: a href="http://www.google.com/finance?q=gm" target="_blank"GM/a) was an icon of American industry. But over the past decade its sales in China have steadily increased, while dwindling sales at home have turned the company into a relic. /p
pNow facing bankruptcy, GM has an opportunity to shift its operations to China, its fastest growing and most profitable market. The company is already attempting to move its manufacturing operations to the Asian powerhouse, and that has given rise to speculation that it will move its headquarters as well./p
pOf course, if GM – which has already received $15.4 in government loans – were to pick up stakes, the political fallout would be epic. What could be more “un-American” than a 101 year-old American#8230;/p]]></description>
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		<title>The ECB &#8220;Buys Into&#8221; Spanish Property</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 12:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /span style="font-family:arial;font-size:78%;"/spana href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SgiAR06lzrI/AAAAAAAAN1E/-NbHseEOV1Q/s1600-h/ecb+one.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334654802370875058" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 399px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 264px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SgiAR06lzrI/AAAAAAAAN1E/-NbHseEOV1Q/s400/ecb+one.png" border="0" //abr /br /blockquote“The 60 billion euros they announced is peanuts for an economy the size of the euro zone,” economics professor and former Bank of England policy maker Willem Buiter said at a conference in Dublin yesterday. “I expect they will announce more or that the recession in the euro zone will be longer and deeper than would otherwise be necessary. They have a record of being somewhat behind the curve.” /blockquoteblockquoteEuropean car sales dropped 12 percent in April.... Bayerische Motoren Werke AG’s registrations dropped by almost one-third to 55,633 even as the German market expanded 19 percent, helped by the government’s 2,500 euro ($3,400) sales bonus .........Spain extended its auto-sales slump with a 46 percent plunge in registrations, the largest among the continent’s main markets, while U.K. sales dropped 24 percent. Eastern European registrations dropped 21 percent, almost twice the rate of decline in the west, as Romanian demand fell by more than half./blockquotebr /The title to this post, and the accompanying photo are obviously a joke. But behind every joke there lies a grain of truth, and my present one is no different from all the rest in that sense, since the ECB is now indirectly buying into a piece of the Spanish property action, and they are about to do so by the acquisition of an instrument known generically as "covered bonds", the purchase of 60 billion euros worth of which was announced by the ECB last week, much to the surprise of the assembled press conference journalists, many of whom either couldn't believe or couldn't understand what they were hearing (see transcript extract below). These instruments may be generically known as covered bonds, but in Spain we call them a href="http://html.rincondelvago.com/cedulas-hipotecarias.html"cédulas hipotecarias/a.br /br /The only covered bond most of the journalists who attended the press conference seem to have been aware of, however, was the German one - known as Pfandbrief - and hence the move was seen as some sort of "sweetner" for a fairly reluctant Bundesbank. In fact things are rather different, since in both Spain and Ireland some form or other of covered bond is to be found at the heart of the wholesale money financing strategy invented by the banks (in the early years of this century) when they realised that bank deposits alone were not going to prove sufficient if they wanted to make good on all the mortgage provision opportunities the low interest rate policy (2%) being pursued by the ECB was creating. As it happens, I have long taken an amateur's interest in the subject of covered bonds (and cédulas hipotecarias), in fact I got interested in them just as soon as I realised what an important part of the Spanish picture they were. You can find a convenient summary of what they are, how they work, and why understanding them is important if you want to get to grips with the current Spanish crisis a href="http://spaineconomy.blogspot.com/2008/01/cedulas-hipotecarias.html"here/a.br /br /Really, and to cut a long story short, refinancing the cédulas has become important since they were originally issued on a short term (5 or 7 year duration) basis (presumeably to keep debt servicing costs down), but since they were matched against mortgages which were issued with a 20 to 30 year maturity, they were always going to need rolling over (and over, and over), and again, since the quantity of money involved is large (anywhere between 250 and 300 billion euros between now and 2014 at a guess), and since virtually nobody has wanted to know about buying them since the US sub prime crisis broke out in August 2007, they had become a big potential headache for the Spanish authorities, with something like 50 billion euros in the current Spanish bank bailout programme being earmarked for easing the renewal process.br /br /Indeed so important have the cédulas been that you could virtually say that the current Spanish crisis was inaugurated in September 2007 when the wholesale money markets were closed to the Spanish banks who wanted to sell them, even if after hours and hours of talk-show debate (and miles and miles of column print) devoted to the crisis, hardly any Spanish voter knows what they actually are.br /br /Well, to cut a very long story short, the good news is that the refinancing issue is now probably (and bar the shouting, and the details) as good as resolved, so if you haven't the time, interest or inclination to get involved in more of all the detail on this I suggest you now jump to the conclusions section, were I muse a little bit on what some of the political counterparty consequences of this new level of risk assumption by the ECB are likely to be.br /br /br /strongQuantitative Easing, Financing Spanish and Irish Mortgages, Or What?/strongbr /br /Basically, most observers have now spent the best part of a week looking into the tea leaves and trying to discern just what it was which lay behind last Thursday's announcement. So peculiar was the announcement (or at least the manner in which it was made) that Bloomberg even have an article headlined "a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085amp;sid=aDlZ61bGB_f4amp;refer=europe"Covered Bond Market Seizes On Plan For ECB Purchases/a", which explains how the complete confusion now reigning in the secondary market for these instruments (due to the incredible uncertainty over what securities policy makers will actually buy, how they will pay for them, and how great the final quantity purchased will be) has meant that trading in the bonds has all but ground to a halt (again). And this as a consequence of a move which was intended to support the market is a strange result, to say the least.br /br /The initial confusion has only been added to by a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601068amp;sid=awcLBfFkE07Yamp;refer=economy"recent public disagreements between governing board members/a, and the statement from European Central Bank council member Marko Krnajec (governor of Slovenia's central bank) to the effect that the bank is likely to increase its asset- purchase program from the initial 60 billion euro plan provoked immediate reaction, in particular from Germany’s Axel Weber, who opposes outright asset purchases and has been pushing for the ECB to set an interest-rate floor beyond which they will not reduce further. Indeed Weber was very explicit in reaction to Krnajec yesterday, saying that he sees “no need” for the ECB to buy further private assets to support lending. “I currently don’t see the need for outright purchases of further private debt obligations,” he is quoted as saying. (Joellen Perry at the WSJ Blog a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2009/05/13/ecb-predictability-a-casualty-of-the-crisis/"has a piece covering similar gound/a, as she says, maybe ECB predictability has now become the main victim of the crisis, while Claus Vistesen makes basically the same point in his a href="http://clausvistesen.squarespace.com/alphasources-blog/2009/5/1/ecb-communication-all-at-sea.html"ECB Communication - All at Sea? /aand his a href="http://clausvistesen.squarespace.com/alphasources-blog/2009/5/7/quantitative-easing-a-lecb.html"Quantitative Easing à l`ECB? /aposts.)br /br /The dispute goes even further, and extends not only to what to buy, and how much, but even to how to pay. Kranjec on being asked how the ECB planned to fund its debt purchases, said: “This has yet to be agreed. As a central bank we are creating money. We have no limits with funds to finance projects.” While Weber told journalists tersely: “Note well: It’s not our goal simply to print money.”br /blockquotebr /The new uncertainty about the ECB’s actions may be undermining marketbr /confidence at a crucial moment. An ECB report Wednesday suggested revivingbr /investor confidence is key to kick-starting bank funding markets that have driedbr /up amid the crisis. Lacking steady access to traditional funding sources such asbr /bond and inter-bank lending markets, the report said, European banks couldbr /curtail lending to households and firms, dampening economic growth.br /Joellen Perry, Wall Street Journal Blogbr //blockquotebr /br /So what is the goal? This is really the key issue, and trying to follow the ECB's ruminations in this sense is more akin to watching a mystery play unfold (in every sense of that expression). Well, where do we look for clues? I can think of no better way than by examining the question and answer to-and-fro Trichet himself had with the journalists in the press conference. So here we go, lets see if you can make sense of all this. The issues are, remember:br /br /a) Does the decision to buy covered bonds constitute quantitative easing?br /b) If it is quantitative easing, is it to ease credit, or fend off deflation?br /c) Why was the decision taken now?br /d) Will the ECB "print money" to finance the purchases, or will the acquisitions be "sterlised"br /e) Why covered bonds as opposed to, say, commercial paper?br /br /br /***********************************************************************************br /br /"The Governing Council has decided in principle that the Eurosystem will purchase euro-denominated covered bonds issued in the euro area. The detailed modalities will be announced after the Governing Council meeting of 4 June 2009."br /Jean Claude Trichet, Speaking at the Press Conference Following the Rate Setting Meeting, 7 May 2009.br /br /Question - My second question comes back to the covered bond issue. I wondered if you could explain your general rationale behind this specific asset class? And in that vein, if I can recall correctly, covered bonds are mainly used by the banks in which a lot of German is spoken for refinancing, and not so much in the rest of the euro zone. So are you not implicitly delivering an advantage here to banks that use this particular asset to refinance?br /br /Trichet - On the covered bonds, I remind you that we are in the euro area of 329 million people, this is a single market with a single currency, and what we are doing is what we judge appropriate for the single market with a single currency. All of us in the Governing Council are striving to take the right decisions expected by the 329 million fellow citizens. Covered bonds were considered by the Governing Council as a segment of the private securities markets that in general has been particularly affected, more so than others, in terms of the impact of the financial turbulences.br /br /Question - Firstly a question on the covered bonds. Can you tell us how you came to the figure of around €60 billion? Is that some estimate of the amount of stimulus you feel you ought to be injecting into the economy? Is that what your thinking was? And secondly how are you going to pay for this? Will the purchase be sterilised or can we write that you are going to be printing money?br /br /br /Trichet - On your first question, I give you a rendezvous for the next meeting when we will discuss all the technicalities for this operation, which is new for us and which calls for appropriate handling. Around €60 billion is only an order of magnitude, appropriate for attaining our goal, to help to revive this particular segment of the market.br /br /With regard to sterilisation, it is included in the question of the exit strategy. I mentioned in the introductory remarks that we consider this issue as absolutely decisive. We have to be up to the present exceptional circumstances. And I don’t want to repeat all the areas where we were the first central bank to act and to take bold decisions. Whether it was the longer-term refinancing of commercial banks, or at the beginning of the turmoil being the most forthcoming central bank as regards its collateral framework, or when we had to take bold action in particular at the very beginning of the turbulence on 9 August 2007. As regards today’s decision taking into account all elements we considered that we could and we should go beyond what had been until now our main channel for enhanced credit support mainly by the refinancing of commercial banks which has, by the way, produced important results. I would like to mention en passant the figures which show that thanks to the decisions we have taken so far - they don’t incorporate of course the new decision taken today - our one-year money market has lower interest rates than in the sister central banks’ money markets. This is also the case at least with one sister central bank for the six- and the three-month money market interest rates. One has to take into account everything, and in particular our handling of our own money market with our full allotment, fixed interest rates procedure, the very forthcoming attitude we have as regards longer-term refinancing, which has even been enlarged today and the collateral that we accept. That being said the Governing Council considers sterilisation and the exit strategy absolutely essential to maintain the maximum amount of credibility in the medium and long term. The public debate emerging on whether or not some central banks are paving the way at the global level for future inflation is extraordinarily counterproductive. We, central banks – and I’m sure that we are all in agreement on this – are determined to solidly anchor longer-term expectations and eliminate these fears about future inflation.br /br /br /Question - Just again on covered bonds. I understand that you are not ready to answer the question of how these purchases will be financed, but perhaps you could give us an idea of the reasoning behind that decision. Are you doing this to lower any credit spread between covered bonds and the risk-free interest rate, or is the main motivation behind it to inject more liquidity into the system?br /br /Trichet: No, the idea is to revive the market, which has been very heavily affected, and all that goes with this revival, including the spreads, the depth and the liquidity of the market. We are not at all embarking on quantitative easing.br /br /Question - One question for clarification because I obviously mistook something for what it isn’t. When I heard about this covered bond programme, I mistook it for quantitative easing. Can you explain to me why it isn’t?br /br /Trichet: If I might use our own vocabulary, it is part of our “enhanced credit support” operations. We have used this expression for quite a long period of time because we consider all the non-conventional measures we have taken in connection with the refinancing of banks as enhanced credit support. If you wish, you could call that credit easing, because it is a way of improving the functioning of the market that had been affected particularly markedly by the financial turbulences.br /br /**********************************************************************************br /br /br /As can be seen above, initially observers were completely bemused by the decision. Some saw the move to buy covered bonds as an attempt to boost a market which was now facing competition from state-guaranteed bond issues, while others, like Bodo Winkler, capital market expert at the VDP covered bond association, which represents banks that issue German covered bonds (or Pfandbriefs) argued the very presence of the ECB in the market would bring indirect benefits.br /br /br /"Interest from an institution as renowned as the ECB could be a significant support to the market. It would mean the ECB would have these quality assets - covered bonds- on its books,"he said. Winkler also argued that the meer presence of ECB activity would help lower spreads for the bonds, which in the German Pfandbrief case are securities created from either mortgage loans or public sector loans. The German market is in fact one of the oldest and largest (dating from the mid 1990s), while the Spanish market is more recent, but has now become the second largest.br /br /Others have also suggested that, depending on how the purchases are conducted - in the primary or secondary market - acquisitions might indirectly free up banks to acquire new bonds themselves, thus also bolstering the market. While the Spanish cedual market has remained virtually a dead duck (Santander did issue a cedula following the ECB decision, for the first time in many months, and at 122 base points above what they were earlier paying) the German one has remained active and German banks issued 7.33 billion euros of Pfandbrief in January (down 42 percent year on year and by nearly half from September's 13.8 billion euros). Data from Thomson Reuters show that Germany is still the largest originator of covered bonds, closely followed by Spain. The two countries account for around a third of the euro zone market each. France is next at just under 20 percent, while Italy has a mere 2 percent.br /br /The exact size of the wider European covered bond market is the source of some confusion, with estimates raning between 700 billion and 1.5 trillion euros. Some analysts estimate that if the ECB sticks with the BB rating currently applied in deciding whether bonds are acceptable as collateral for their lending operations, then around 450 billions worth of covered bonds would be eligable for purchase. (NB - this is the big change, at the present time Spanish banks can take cedulas and deposit them with the ECB as collateral for borrowing, now they will be able to sell them to the ECB direct).br /br /According to the data supplier Dealogic the covered bond market has contracted by €136billionn since May 2007, and currently stands at €1,118 billion.br /br /In general it is possible to say that the analyst response is that the ECB's decision to buy bonds for the first time in its history raises almost more questions than it answers. Reponses from Annegret Hasler and Frank Will (see below) are typical.br /br /blockquote"Nobody knows what exactly this means for covered bonds. No one knows whether this will be purchases on the primary market or on the secondary market, and this makes a big difference," said Annegret Hasler, a covered bonds analyst at Commerzbank. "Market participants are likely to go on hold until they know further details."br /br /"What we don't know is if the ECB will focus primarily on covered bonds in trouble, maybe Irish covered bonds, or if they are focused on certain Spanish cedulas?" RBS covered bond strategist Frank Will said on a call for clients. "It is also not clear how they will divide the 60 billion over the various countries."/blockquotebr /How to spread the spend is a contentious issue in the euro zone because the covered bond and mortgage markets are more developed in some countries than others, opening the ECB to political heat. The premium that investors demand to hold covered bonds from Spain and Ireland fell on Friday, suggesting they are seen as the most likely beneficiaries.br /blockquote"There are only two housing markets in Euroland which are currently experiencingbr /significant distress: Spain and Ireland," said UniCredit credit strategistbr /Markus Ernst. "Any partial support of specific regions or covered bondbr /issues would surely raise political criticism." /blockquotebr /br /Italy's La Stampa unsurprisingly (since Italy has only 2 percent of the covered bond market) suggested last Friday that the decision was largely designed to help German banks - they obviously don't know about the cédulas! Germany's Boersen-Zeitung billed the move as the "ECB steps up the fight against recession", while the more "in the know" Spainish daily El Pais ran with "ECB activates money printing machine to combat crisis".br /br /UniCredit economist (and my RGE monitor co-blogger). Aurelio Maccario noted wryly: "Somebody somewhere is probably saying they should also think of something else to help other markets like the Italian market," he said. He also made clear that another key question was whether the ECB would effectively inject another 60 billion euros into markets, or neutralise the purchases' impact on money supply. "To sterilise you have to do exactly the opposite measure with exactly the same amount. If you buy 60 billion euros of covered bonds then you sell 60 billion of some other assets, corporate bonds, government bonds for example ....If you want to sterilise it by selling other assets, you risk rising other spreads, you risk rising long term interest rates. And then if you don't sterilise it then it is a pure easing, which you can label as quantitative easing."br /br /br /As I have been pointing out, Maccario gets right to the heart of the matter here, since some Council members, and most notably the German contingent (Axel Weber and Juergen Stark) have been busy expressing reservations with the whole idea of purchasing debt in the first place, while other policymakers like the Greek and Cypriot contingents (Athanasios Orphanides and Lucas Papademos) have been pushing for broader purchases of private securities as a way of keeping deflation from the door.br /br /But as Deutsche Bank economist Mark Wall points out, sterilised purchases would obviously help the covered bond market but it would have little impact on either companies or households, so it would be hard to see the point, and it would be even harder to see why Trichet would consider sterilised purchases to constitute the use of new monetary tools. "In terms of the aggregate effect on the economy, if they are sterilising it they are neutralising it," Wall said.br /br /Spreads on covered bonds from Spain and Ireland have tightened since the decision, pulling government bond spreads with them, suggesting that markets are expecting the volume of purchases to increase, and Spain and Ireland to be the principal beneficiaries. Spreads in Spain and Ireland had been way up, with Spanish covered bonds maturing in 10 years typically trading at about 200 basis points over mid-swaps, compared to about 300 basis points over mid-swaps for an Irish covered bond and just 60 basis points for a German issue.br /br /According to Royal Bank of Scotland analyst Harvinder Sian "The impact on periphery spreads we think is very profound ... This is a credit-easing after all, so we should expect the positive momentum, and that's exactly what we've got." In support of his view Harvinder pointed to the fact that the premium that investors are demanding to hold debt issued by euro zone countries other than Germany fell have fallen, with 10-year Italian, Greek and Spanish spreads among those hitting their tightest levels since late last year. In the government bond market, the 10-year Greek/German yield spread narrowed to as low as 160.3 basis points on Friday, the tightest since early December 2008, while the equivalent Irish/German spread also closed in to 163.8 basis points - the narrowest since early January. "The idea that the ECB is buying assets now does spread risks across the euro area in terms of the economy and the momentum going forward," according to Sian.br /br /br /strongSo What Are The Consequences (Political or Otherwise) Of All This For Spain?/strongbr /br /Well first of all this is obviously very good news from a Spanish point of view. The Spanish economy is evidently in the throes of a major correction (most of which has yet to get underway) which will involve moving from a construction and consumer debt driven economy to an export driven growth model.br /br /But in the path of this correction lie three very strong impediments.br /br /1) The need to refinance the cédulas (estimated cost 250 to 300 billion euros)br /2) The need to resolve the issue of the growing volume of builder and developer non-performing loans (or the million plus empty houses) - estimated bank expoure 470 billion euros (Bank of Spain data).br /3) The complete lack of competitiveness of Spanish wages and prices.br /br /Basically, we can see a solution in three parts here. The ECB will refinance the cedulas as we move forward (done). This will not only help the banks, it will take some pressure off government finances, and it will effectively give support to the last-man-standing in the Spanish real world economic arena, Bank of Spain Governor Miguel Angel Fernandez Ordoñez. I don't expect to see more interview in El Pais with deputy prime minister Maria Teresa Fernández de la Vega, accusing him of being alarmist about the reserves of the Spanish pension system. He who pays the piper, we should remember, effectively calls the tune.br /br /Which brings us to the second point, the housing overhang, and the bad loans that go with it. Now while the details remain far from clear, I fully expect Spain to follow in some shape or form the "Irish solution" of either buying the houses direct, or buying the loans which go with them (with or without the creation of a bad bank). But neither Spain nor Ireland will be able to sustain the volume of public borrowing necessary to finance this move unaided. I therefore fully expect the issue of EU Bonds to raise its head again. (I have spelt out what this is all about a href="http://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/economics-and-demography/the-eu-bonds-story-rumbles-on/"in this post here/a). As it happens, a journalist friend of mine interviewed EU Economy Commissioner Joaquín Almunia recently, and asked him explicitly about Commission intentions here. I am adding the exchange as an appendix, and as you will see, he neither says yes, nor does he say no, what he says is that they are a logical development, and that they will come gradually, which is EU speak for "they are in the pipeline" (so, this item is effectively done too).br /br /So we are left with the third point, the correction in wages and prices, also known as "the budget from hell". It is most obvious that with the Spanish economy likely to contract between 5 and 7 percent this year (it contracted at a 7.2% annualised rate between Q4 2008 and Q1 2009), and to continue to do so next year, and the government fiscal deficit likely to run at over 9% (the present EU Commission forecast is for just under, but there will be overshoot since the contraction will be more rapid than they are anticipating) then Spanish public finances are headed for an acute crisis. And given the (by then) growing dependence of the Spanish economy on direct EU support then, as I said above "he who pays the piper will call the tune", and the "budget from hell" will be imposed, whatever José Luis Zapatero think he wants.br /br /Evidently ten years of bad craftsmanship cannot be put straight in a day, but Europe is going to have a good try at doing so. The EU is now "in media res" of that much needed restore and restoration work to remedy its institutional deficiencies and address its "crisis overload" problem. Remedies are available and being developed, even if getting Europe's leaders to talk about them explicitly is something akin to leading a reluctant father-to-be up to the altar.br /br /EU (rather than exclusively national) bonds can and will be created. These will effectively give Europe a fiscal capacity that is, for all intents and purposes, equivalent to that of the U.S. Treasury. Second, given the deflation problem, the European Central Bank can now follow the Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank by entering the next tier of quantitative easing, expanding its balance sheet and starting to buy those crisp new EU bonds in the primary market.br /br /Quantitative easing, which is simply a generic way of referring to all the recent attempts to boost money supply when interest rates fall close to zero, becomes in this particular case a euphemism for "printing money," with the unusual characteristic that this time, inflation is exactly what we are looking for. And if we don't get it, well, as Paul Krugman wrote in a recent New York Times op-ed on Spain, we run the risk of ending up with a European economy that is depressed and tending toward deflation for years to come.br /br /The most important thing to realize is that the arrival of deflation is not only a threat; it is also an opportunity. Having the power (nay the necessity) to print money should give Europe's central administration one hell of clout should it need to use it, and it will. As Joaquín Almunia said not so long ago, "You would have to be crazy to want to leave the eurozone right now," given the economic climate. It's precisely this fear that will serve as the persuasive stick to accompany that ever so attractive financial carrot which is now being dangled forth. (Assuming, that is, that Europe's leaders understand: in this case at least, sparing the rod would only amount to spoiling not only the child, but all the brothers and sisters and aunts and uncles, too.)br /br /So though the first argument in favor of buying cédulas hiptecarias and issuing EU bonds (etc) might be an entirely pragmatic one - namely that it doesn't make sense for subsidiary components of EU, Inc., to pay more to borrow money when the credit guarantee of the parent entity can get it for them far cheaper - the longer-term argument is that the ability to make such purchases and issue such bonds might well enable the EC and ECB to become something they have long dreamed of becoming: an internal credit rating agency for EU national debt. Caveat Vendor!br /br /strongAppendix: Extract From Interview With Joaquín Almunia/strongbr /br /br /strongQuestion/strong - The Euro has proved to be an effective shield protecting eurozone economies from the shocks of the crisis. But some argue that the crisis has highlighted the fact that European financial markets are fragmented and that there is a need for a single market for government bonds. George Soros argues that “a eurozone bond market would bring immediate benefits in addition to correcting a structural deficiency”. It would lend credence to the rescue of the banking system and allow additional support for the more vulnerable EU members. Do you agree?br /br /br /strongJoaquín Almunia/strong - As the Commission itself pointed out in the report on 10 years of Economic and Monetary Union published in May 2008, the euro-denominated bond market indeed remains very fragmented on the supply side. The issue of European bond issuance has been discussed on and off for several years now and even more frequently since the financial crisis started. I think this is something we should consider in future to promote greater financial market integration and more efficient European government bond markets. But I also think this is likely to be a gradual process. Better coordination of national government bond issuance, for example, could be a first and necessary step.br /br /I would like to stress also, that for all governments, both inside and outside the euro area, the best way to gain credibility in investors' eyes and avoid problems with financing is to carry out responsible fiscal policies.div class="blogger-post-footer"img width='1' height='1' src='http://res1.blogblog.com/tracker/8991369883287712098-4410657511711099959?l=globaleconomydoesmatter.blogspot.com'//div]]></description>
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		<title>Friday’s Market Recap (05/01/09)</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/financial/friday%e2%80%99s-market-recap-050109/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/financial/friday%e2%80%99s-market-recap-050109/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 00:04:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bullish Bankers</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bullishbankers.com/?p=12865</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The markets rallied today, with the S&#38;P 500 up 0.54%.  The Dow was up 0.54% closing at 8212.41, while the NASDAQ was also up, closing at 1719.20, up 0.11% for the day.  The 10-year yield closed at 3.159%, as prices fell on the treasury.  Crude oil was up settling at $53.20, while gold was down [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Financial NewsBrief</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/financial-newsbrief/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/financial-newsbrief/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 11:31:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>José Pérez</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Commentary]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[






 Top Stories 

 




 






White House set to meet with credit card execs
Officials in the Obama administration will meet Thursday with executives of credit card companies to discuss transparency of lending practices and interest rates, sources said. Lawmakers have expressed frustration with the credit card industry and threatened legislation to curb deceptive lending practices. Before the meeting, the [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Daimler AG (DAI) Drives Curious Call Volume &#8211; Options Commentary</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/daimler-ag-dai-drives-curious-call-volume-options-commentary/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/daimler-ag-dai-drives-curious-call-volume-options-commentary/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[car king;]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[In last week's edition of <i>Trading Tools</i>, defense issue <b>Raytheon Company</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/research/report.php?t=RTN">RTN</a>) was examined, as it appeared on the <i>Zacks</i> <a href="http://www.zacks.com/research/options/volume.php">Unusually High Option Volume</a> stock screener. Utilizing the same filter today, a different equity piqued my interest: German car king <b>Daimler AG</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/research/report.php?t=DAI">DAI </a>). <p>  

<table align="right"><tr><td></td></tr></table> 

<i>For an explanation of the contrarian stance that makes Schaeffer's so unique, check out a recent version of Trading Tools.</i></p><p>

According to <i>Zacks</i>, Daimler was the focus of an outpouring of optimism in the options pits on Wednesday. The security saw roughly 62,500 calls cross the tape - 18.5 times its average single-day volume of fewer than 3,400 bullish bets. </p><p> 

However, calls aren't really near-term options traders' cup of tea; the equity's Schaeffer's put/call open interest ratio (SOIR) currently stands at 1.51, indicating that puts outnumber their bullish rivals among options slated to expire within 3 months. Furthermore, compared to similar readings taken during the past year, Daimler's SOIR ranks in the 94th percentile. In other words, short-term options speculators have actually been more skeptically skewed toward DAI only 6% of the time during the past 12 months.  </p><p> 

So, why are options players suddenly revving their engines toward the bullpen? </p><p> 

One potential catalyst could've been an optimistic analyst note. A major brokerage upgraded Daimler to "buy" from "neutral" last week, predicting the shares could catch up with their sector peers soon, as "bad" news has already been discounted and market expectations remain low. As a result, shares of DAI skyrocketed 7.5% higher Wednesday, making them the sharpest gainers among German large-cap stocks. </p><p> 

Technically speaking, the past couple of years have been a bumpy ride for the auto industry, with DAI being no exception. The stock has surrendered about 70% since flirting with the 110 level in late 2007, but eventually found a foothold in the 25 neighborhood, which has acted as support since October 2008. On the bright side, the equity recently jumped a potentially significant technical hurdle, closing last week atop its 10-week and 20-week moving averages for the first time since November 2007. However, shares of DAI could face an additional layer of resistance in the 35-to-40 neighborhood, which hasn't been breached on a weekly closing basis in more than 6 months. </p><p> 

The stock currently harbors only 1 "buy" or better rating, Zacks reports, compared to 5 "hold" or worse ratings. </p><p> 

Nevertheless, this widespread bearish bias among the brokerage bunch could actually be a boon to the stock going forward. Should German car sales extend their recent run higher - the country's auto purchases were bolstered 40% on the year in March - or should the shares of DAI power past resistance, skeptics on the Street could get spooked. An unwinding of pessimism in the options pits, or a fresh wave of upgrades and/or price-target boosts, could place additional buying pressure on the motorcar mogul. </p><p> 
 

<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br /></p>]]></description>
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		<title>Emerging Markets: 180,000 New Investment Opportunities… A Day</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/market-commentary/emerging-markets-180000-new-investment-opportunities%e2%80%a6-a-day/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 13:21:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Investment U</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Emerging Markets: 180,000 New Investment Opportunities&#8230; A Day
by Alexander Green, Oxford Club Investment Director
Investors in the West have a poor track record when it comes to the world&#8217;s emerging markets. In particular, they have a bad tendency to leave them just when they should love them. This is particularly true today.
Like equity markets everywhere, foreign [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Car Sales Surge in India &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/car-sales-surge-in-india-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/car-sales-surge-in-india-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 19:15:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Highlights include Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/hmc">HMC</a>), Toyota Motor Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/tm">TM</a>), Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/nsany">NSANY</a>) and General Motors Corp. (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>).</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">Indian Car Sales Surge, European Sales Drop - But Not as Fast as U.S.</span><br /><br />More car sales indicate that growth in India and China is continuing, while sharp drops are being seen in the U.S., Europe and Japan. European registrations dropped 18%, following a 27% drop in January.<br /><br />Indian sales increased 22%, following 4 months of declines. This is due to some easing of credit in India (interest rates are still 10%), tax cuts aimed to increase car ownership, new models launched that spurred some interest and strong personal income growth.<br /><br />Both India and China are starting to see improvements in the auto market. Perhaps the rest of the world can start to follow. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Honda Motor Co., Ltd. </span>(<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/hmc">HMC</a>),<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Toyota Motor Corp.</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/tm">TM</a>) and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/nsany">NSANY</a>) are set to most benefit from the India/China trends, followed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">General Motors Corp.</span> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/gm">GM</a>).  
<br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=HMC">Read the full analyst report on "HMC"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=TM">Read the full analyst report on "TM"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=NSANY">Read the full analyst report on "NSANY"</a><br /><a href="http://register.zacks.com/ucd/step1.php?ALERT=YAHOO_ZR&#38;d_alert=rd_final_rank&#38;ADID=GENSYND_ZER&#38;t=GM">Read the full analyst report on "GM"</a><br /><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>New Cars Selling in China &#8211; Analyst Blog</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/new-cars-selling-in-china-analyst-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/new-cars-selling-in-china-analyst-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2009 21:30:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AutoNation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Autozone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Market]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chinese Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dow Jones US Auto/Auto Parts;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genuine Parts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/18162/New+Cars+Selling+in+China+-+Analyst+Blog</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><br />New Car Sales Excellent in China; Used Car &#38; Parts Suppliers OK in U.S.</span>  
<p>Reports today indicate that Chinese new car sales are up 25% versus last year, to 827,000 cars in the month of February. This is up 12% from January.</p>  
<p>Right now, China is the largest new car market in the world. Part of this is due to the car becoming a more affordable necessity there. Part may also be due to a tax cut by the Chinese Government targeted at small, fuel efficient vehicles.</p>  
<p>Used car sales continue to hold up in the U.S., as consumers are shying away from new cars. Consumers are fixing up old cars rather than trading in for a new car. The relative performance of stocks that sell used cars and auto parts has been fantastic over the past six months, as can be seen below:</p>  
<p>                                                                                                  
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">  
<tbody>  
<tr bgcolor="#a2d39c">  
<td align="left"><b><u>    Company    </u></b></td>
<td align="center"><b><u>    Ticker    </u></b></td>
<td align="center"><b><u>    Relative<br />Performance    </u></b></td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    Advanced Auto    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">AAP</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    62%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    Autozone    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">AZO</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    82%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    O'Reilly    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">ORLY</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    87%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    AutoNation    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">AN</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    62%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    Genuine Parts    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">GPC</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    30%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    Penske Auto    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">PAG</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    3%    </td></tr>  
<tr bgcolor="#e6f3e7">  
<td align="left">    Carmax    </td>
<td align="center">    <a href="void(0)">KMX</a>    </td>
<td align="center">    36%    </td></tr></tbody></table></p>  
<p align="left">Relative performance compared to Dow Jones US Auto/Auto Parts Index</p>  
<p></p><a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br />]]></description>
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		<title>Retail&#8217;s Good Rank &#8211; Zacks Industry Rank Analysis</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/retails-good-rank-zacks-industry-rank-analysis/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/retails-good-rank-zacks-industry-rank-analysis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charles Rotblut</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Advance Auto Parts;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Autozone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cent;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Rotblut]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[console systems;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cracker Barrel Old Country Store Inc;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GameStop Corporation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lower and same-store retail sales;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[O'Reilly Automotive Inc.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Papa Johns International Inc.;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Retail Sector]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Retail-Consumer Electronics;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rob Plaza]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Texas Roadhouse Inc.;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks Market Commentaries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zacks.com]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/commentary/10210/Retail%27s+Good+Rank+-+Zacks+Industry+Rank+Analysis</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<i>Highlighted stocks include <b>AutoZone</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/AZO">AZO</a>), <b>GameStop Corporation</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GME">GME</a>) and <b>Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/CBRL">CBRL</a>).</i>
<p ALIGN="left">
</p><p ALIGN="left">
In the midst of an ongoing recession, Retail-Wholesale is one of the top-ranked sectors. Though this sounds paradoxical, there are 3 reasons that justify this.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The first has to do with timing. Many retailers operate on a February-January calendar year, which means they report earnings later than most companies.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
To the extent that analysts revise estimates higher in response to earnings reports, those late reporters receive a better Zacks Rank. The Zacks Rank considers changes made to earnings estimates over both the last 60-90 days and over the last 30 days.
<table align="right"><tr><td></td></tr></table>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Secondly, as <a href="http://www.zacks.com/commentary/10184/Retail+Industry">Rob Plaza discussed yesterday</a>, expectations were overly pessimistic, making it easy for some companies within the retail sector to clear the hurdle by a seemingly wide margin.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Finally, there were a few companies in the sector with good earnings reports.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Economy Helping Auto Part Sales</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>AutoZone</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/AZO">AZO</a>) is a good example. Yesterday, shares of the auto parts retailer soared after the company reported bullish results.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Fiscal second-quarter earnings totaled $2.03, 18 cents above expectations. Net sales reached $1.4 billion, aided by a 6% jump in same-store sales.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The company is benefiting from the decline in car sales. Consumers are keeping their cars longer and, as a result, are spending on maintenance. (Afterall, it's hard to get a job if you can't make it to the interview.)
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The stock had soared by more than 50% from its November lows prior to the earnings report, so there was not much room for error. Yet, AZO performed and was rewarded with a new 52-week high yesterday, making it a <a href="http://www.zacks.com/commentary/10184/Retail+Industry">Zacks Rank top performer</a>.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
AutoZone's positive surprised followed good earnings reports from 2 of its competitors, <b>Advance Auto Parts</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/AAP">AAP</a>) and <b>O'Reilly Automotive, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/ORLY">ORLY</a>). AZO, AAP and ORLY are Zacks #2 Rank ("buy") stocks classified in <a href="http://www.zacks.com/zrank/zrank_ind.php?i=9">Retail/Wholesale-Auto Parts</a>.


</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Video Games Still Selling</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Another retailer that has thrived in the face of the recession is <b>GameStop Corporation</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GME">GME</a>).
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The company recently revised its fourth-quarter guidance to the high-end of the previous range. The world's largest video game reseller expects earnings to have totaled between $1.33 and $1.34 per share. Same-store sale are estimated to have risen by 9.6%.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
This year, GME thinks it can achieve comparable same-store sales growth between 4% and 6%, which would be impressive given the maturity of the current gaming console systems.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Though the company did not provide an EPS projection, half of the 16 covering brokerage analysts raised their fiscal 2010 forecasts in response. The consensus earnings estimate now calls for fiscal 2010 profits to total $2.83 per share, which would be an 18% increase over fiscal 2009.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
GameStop is scheduled to report in mid-March.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
GME is a Zacks #2 Rank stock classified in <a href="http://www.zacks.com/zrank/zrank_ind.php?i=156">Retail-Consumer Electronics</a>.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<b>Restaurants Not As Bad As Feared</b>
</p><p ALIGN="left">
On the other hand, some companies within the retail sector simply have fared better than analysts feared. This was the case with <b>Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/CBRL">CBRL</a>).
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The chain earned 81 cents during its fiscal second-quarter, 6 cents more than brokerage analysts had projected. Though that sounds good, revenues did decline. Same-store restaurant sales were 1.5% lower and same-store retail sales contracted 7%.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
CBRL's guidance, however, was good, all things considered. The company reiterated its fiscal 2009 guidance for earnings of $2.65-$3.00 per share.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
This was important because analysts had been lowering their full-year projections prior to the release of earnings. During the past few weeks, analysts have reversed course, and the consensus earnings estimate has risen by 12 cents to $2.68 per share.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
Brokerage analysts have also recently raised their full-year profit forecasts on <b>Papa John's International, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/PZZA">PZZA</a>) and <b>Texas Roadhouse, Inc.</b> (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/TXRH">TXRH</a>).
</p><p ALIGN="left">
CBRL is Zacks #1 Rank ("strong buy") stock, whereas PZZA and TXRH are Zacks #2 Rank stocks. All 3 are classified in <a href="http://www.zacks.com/zrank/zrank_ind.php?i=160">Retail-Restaurants</a>.
</p><p ALIGN="left">
The Zacks Rank is a quantitative short-term indicator designed to determine a stock's relative performance over a period of 1 to 3 months.

</p><p ALIGN="left">
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<a href="http://www.zacks.com/registration_info.php">Zacks Premium and Zacks Elite</a> subscribers can view the Zacks Industry Rank List at <a href="http://www.zacks.com/zrank/zrank_inds.php">http://www.zacks.com/zrank/zrank_inds.php</a>. This interactive list allows you to see all of the companies, and their Zacks Rank, within more than 200 industries. Shown below is the Zacks Sector Rank List, which shows the trend in estimate revisions on a broader scale.
</p><p>
</p><p align="center">

<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<tr><td colspan="7" align="center"><b>Sector Rank as of Mar 3<br /></b></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#A2D39C"><td align="left"><b><u>	Sector	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	This Week's<br />Zacks Rank	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	Last Week's<br />Zacks Rank	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09<br />Revisions Ratio	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09 Estimates<br />Revised Up	</u></b></td>	<td align="center"><b><u>	FY09 Estimates<br />Revised Down	</u></b></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Medical	</td>	<td align="center">	2.60	</td>	<td align="center">	2.61	</td>	<td align="center">	0.81	</td>	<td align="center">	593	</td>	<td align="center">	730	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Retail-Wholesale	</td>	<td align="center">	2.88	</td>	<td align="center">	2.94	</td>	<td align="center">	0.50	</td>	<td align="center">	296	</td>	<td align="center">	595	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Computer and Technology	</td>	<td align="center">	2.88	</td>	<td align="center">	2.89	</td>	<td align="center">	0.34	</td>	<td align="center">	513	</td>	<td align="center">	1498	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Aerospace	</td>	<td align="center">	2.98	</td>	<td align="center">	2.98	</td>	<td align="center">	0.30	</td>	<td align="center">	30	</td>	<td align="center">	101	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Consumer Discretionary	</td>	<td align="center">	2.98	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	0.27	</td>	<td align="center">	158	</td>	<td align="center">	587	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Utilities	</td>	<td align="center">	2.99	</td>	<td align="center">	2.97	</td>	<td align="center">	0.29	</td>	<td align="center">	90	</td>	<td align="center">	314	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Business Services	</td>	<td align="center">	3.01	</td>	<td align="center">	3.04	</td>	<td align="center">	0.32	</td>	<td align="center">	77	</td>	<td align="center">	243	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Consumer Staples	</td>	<td align="center">	3.01	</td>	<td align="center">	3.00	</td>	<td align="center">	0.32	</td>	<td align="center">	121	</td>	<td align="center">	380	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Construction	</td>	<td align="center">	3.16	</td>	<td align="center">	3.04	</td>	<td align="center">	0.28	</td>	<td align="center">	58	</td>	<td align="center">	210	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Oils-Energy	</td>	<td align="center">	3.18	</td>	<td align="center">	3.21	</td>	<td align="center">	0.26	</td>	<td align="center">	283	</td>	<td align="center">	1070	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Transportation	</td>	<td align="center">	3.21	</td>	<td align="center">	3.20	</td>	<td align="center">	0.15	</td>	<td align="center">	47	</td>	<td align="center">	311	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Industrial Products	</td>	<td align="center">	3.26	</td>	<td align="center">	3.27	</td>	<td align="center">	0.17	</td>	<td align="center">	66	</td>	<td align="center">	389	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Auto-Tires-Trucks	</td>	<td align="center">	3.26	</td>	<td align="center">	3.24	</td>	<td align="center">	0.12	</td>	<td align="center">	16	</td>	<td align="center">	137	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Finance	</td>	<td align="center">	3.28	</td>	<td align="center">	3.28	</td>	<td align="center">	0.17	</td>	<td align="center">	282	</td>	<td align="center">	1618	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Basic Materials	</td>	<td align="center">	3.28	</td>	<td align="center">	3.27	</td>	<td align="center">	0.32	</td>	<td align="center">	114	</td>	<td align="center">	360	</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#E6F3E7"><td align="left">	Conglomerates	</td>	<td align="center">	3.30	</td>	<td align="center">	3.18	</td>	<td align="center">	0.16	</td>	<td align="center">	8	</td>	<td align="center">	50	</td></tr>
</table>

</p><p ALIGN="left">
</p><p ALIGN="left">
<i>Charles Rotblut, CFA, is the senior market analyst for Zacks.com. He can be reached at crotblut@zacks.com.</i>
</p><p>

<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br /></p>]]></description>
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		<title>Automakers Post Sharply Lower February Sales</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/automakers-post-sharply-lower-february-sales/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/automakers-post-sharply-lower-february-sales/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2009 21:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Shepard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car marker;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Motors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GM North America;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.navivest.com/blog/?p=610</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tuesday March 3, 2009
Navivest
As the economic slump continues, automakers are reeling in ways no one could have predicted. Today, they reported drastically lower U.S. sales for February, as consumers continue to tighten their belts.
General Motors (GM) saw its sales in the month drop to 127,296 units, a 52.9% drop from the 270,423 units sold in [...]]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Latin American Markets &#8211; Zacks Analyst Interviews</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/latin-american-markets-zacks-analyst-interviews/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/stock-watch/latin-american-markets-zacks-analyst-interviews/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zacks Market Commentaries</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stocks to Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AmBev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aracruz Celulose S.A.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Argentina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazilian Central Bank;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Sales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cemex SAB de CV;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[central bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[commodity producer;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[consumption products producer;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuel retailers;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gerdau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[healthy banking system;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[high-dividend utilities;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interviews Latin;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin American Markets - Zacks;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[local banking system remains;]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Papel SA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peru]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zacks.com/commentary/10138/Latin+American+Markets+-+Zacks+Analyst+Interviews</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Latin America is widely regarded as a growth play in the equity markets. The explanation for this view is that the region is a commodity producer -- agricultural goods in Brazil and Argentina, metals in Brazil, Chile and Peru, oil in Venezuela and Ecuador, natural gas in Bolivia, etc. Commodity stocks are highly cyclical and very dependent on international economic activity, thus it seems that it is not the right time for commodity exposure. However there are other things to be considered.
<p>
In the past few years, the correlation between growth and commodity prices has increased since the main source of growth was the emerging economies, in which economic growth is more intensive in the use of commodities.
</p><p>
For the future, we expect this correlation to increase even more, as emerging economies will keep on leading the growth and developed economies, particularly the U.S. will rely a lot on government investments in infrastructure. It seems that the scenario is not bad for basic material producers -- it is undeniable that economic growth in the near future will be very commodity-intensive. However, the basic question remains: Will there be any economic growth?
</p><p>
We believe it is too early to answer this question. We remain quite skeptical on commodity producers for now; nevertheless there are other opportunities in companies that are focused in local markets in Latin America that are quite interesting.
</p><p>
We believe emerging economies will outperform more developed countries in Europe, the U.S. and Japan. In fact, most emerging countries have high levels of reserves, a more solid banking system and a growing consumption. In one particular case in Latin America, it is interesting to understand the situation of Brazil, the biggest economy in the region. Brazil has over US$200 billion in international reserves, a positive trade balance, a solid fiscal position, a healthy banking system and very high interest rates that will be reduced in the short-term to keep the economy growing.
</p><p>
Brazil still has the highest real interest rate in the world. Domestic rates are now at 12.75% (after the Central Bank slashed rates by 100 bps in January 2009) and 2009 inflation is expected to be 4.5%. The lower volatility of the Brazilian real will enable the Brazilian Central Bank to go on reducing interest rates in the very short-term. We expect Brazilian rates to reach 10% per year by the end of 2009.
</p><p>
Since the local banking system remains solid, lower rates are not transformed into a liquidity trap. Amazingly, the Brazilian economy has even showed some signs of recovery in January and February 2009.
</p><p>
After 5 months of consecutive declines, in January Brazil produced a total of 186,100 vehicles, almost 100% more than in December 2008. Total vehicle sales in January reached 194,500 vehicles, 1.5% more than in December 2008. Some days ago, it was announced that car sales in Brazil increase 15.56% in the first half of February 2009 if compared to the first half of January 2009, reaching a total of 109.258 units (just cars, not including buses or trucks). If we compare to the same period 2008 it also increased by 7.4%.
&#60;p.
It was also announced some days ago that in January 2009, total subscribers in the Brazilian wireless market grew by 0.86% from December 2008. Despite the crisis, January 2009 was the second best month in terms of subscribers' growth in 10 years, in absolute terms!
</p><p>
It seems that companies focused in local Latin American markets will go through the crisis without much pain; thus, there are some good opportunities out there.
</p><p><b>
OPPORTUNITIES
</b></p><p>
In such a business environment we would recommend some Brazilian domestic focused companies like the telecom companies <b>Vivo (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/VIV">VIV</a>)</b> and <b>Oi Participacoes (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/TNE">TNE</a>)</b>, consumption products producer like <b>AmBev (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/ABV">ABV</a>)</b>, fuel retailers like <b>Grupo Ultra (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/UGP">UGP</a>)</b>, high-dividend utilities like <b>Telesp (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/TSP">TSP</a>)</b> and clear bargains like <b>Telemig (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/TMB">TMB</a>)</b>.
</p><p><b>
WEAKNESSES
</b></p><p>
On the other side, we would avoid some companies that are still facing seemingly endless problems with currency derivatives like <b>Aracruz Celulose SA (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/ARA">ARA</a>)</b> and <b>Votorantim Celulose e Papel SA (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/VCP">VCP</a>)</b>, highly levergaed raw material producers exposed to the U.S. market like <b>Gerdau (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/GGB">GGB</a>)</b> and <b>Cemex SAB de CV (<a href="http://www.zacks.com/stock/quote/CX">CX</a>)</b>.

<a href="http://www.zacks.com">Zacks Investment Research</a><br /></p>]]></description>
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		<title>SEC Charges R. Allen Stanford, Stanford International Bank for Multi-Billion Dollar Investment Scheme</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/current-market-news/sec-charges-r-allen-stanford-stanford-international-bank-for-multi-billion-dollar-investment-scheme/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2009 07:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Fred Fuld</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Current Market News]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23020893.post-550268534200937652</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged Robert Allen Stanford and three of his companies for orchestrating a fraudulent, multi-billion dollar investment scheme centering on an $8 billion CD program.br /br /Stanford's companies include Antiguan-based Stanford International Bank (SIB), Houston-based broker-dealer and investment adviser Stanford Group Company (SGC), and investment adviser Stanford Capital Management. The SEC also charged SIB chief financial officer James Davis as well as Laura Pendergest-Holt, chief investment officer of Stanford Financial Group (SFG), in the enforcement action.br /br /Pursuant to the SEC's request for emergency relief for the benefit of defrauded investors, U.S. District Judge Reed O'Connor entered a temporary restraining order, froze the defendants' assets, and appointed a receiver to marshal those assets.br /br /"As we allege in our complaint, Stanford and the close circle of family and friends with whom he runs his businesses perpetrated a massive fraud based on false promises and fabricated historical return data to prey on investors," said Linda Chatman Thomsen, Director of the SEC's Division of Enforcement. "We are moving quickly and decisively in this enforcement action to stop this fraudulent conduct and preserve assets for investors."br /br /Rose Romero, Regional Director of the SEC's Fort Worth Regional Office, added, "We are alleging a fraud of shocking magnitude that has spread its tentacles throughout the world."br /br /The SEC's complaint, filed in federal court in Dallas, alleges that acting through a network of SGC financial advisers, SIB has sold approximately $8 billion of so-called "certificates of deposit" to investors by promising improbable and unsubstantiated high interest rates. These rates were supposedly earned through SIB's unique investment strategy, which purportedly allowed the bank to achieve double-digit returns on its investments for the past 15 years.br /br /According to the SEC's complaint, the defendants have misrepresented to CD purchasers that their deposits are safe, falsely claiming that the bank re-invests client funds primarily in "liquid" financial instruments (the portfolio); monitors the portfolio through a team of 20-plus analysts; and is subject to yearly audits by Antiguan regulators. Recently, as the market absorbed the news of Bernard Madoff's massive Ponzi scheme, SIB attempted to calm its own investors by falsely claiming the bank has no "direct or indirect" exposure to the Madoff scheme.br /br /According to the SEC's complaint, SIB is operated by a close circle of Stanford's family and friends. SIB's investment committee, responsible for the management of the bank's multi-billion dollar portfolio of assets, is comprised of Stanford; Stanford's father who resides in Mexia, Texas; another Mexia resident with business experience in cattle ranching and car sales; Pendergest-Holt, who prior to joining SFG had no financial services or securities industry experience; and Davis, who was Stanford's college roommate.br /br /The SEC's complaint also alleges an additional scheme relating to $1.2 billion in sales by SGC advisers of a proprietary mutual fund wrap program, called Stanford Allocation Strategy (SAS), by using materially false historical performance data. According to the complaint, the false data helped SGC grow the SAS program from less than $10 million in 2004 to more than $1 billion, generating fees for SGC (and ultimately Stanford) of approximately $25 million in 2007 and 2008. The fraudulent SAS performance was used to recruit registered investment advisers with significant books of business, who were then heavily incentivized to reallocate their clients' assets to SIB's CD program.br /br /The SEC's complaint charges violations of the anti-fraud provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Advisers Act, and registration provisions of the Investment Company Act. In addition to emergency and interim relief that has been obtained, the SEC seeks a final judgment permanently enjoining the defendants from future violations of the relevant provisions of the federal securities laws and ordering them to pay financial penalties and disgorgement of ill-gotten gains with prejudgment interest.br /br /The Commission acknowledges the assistance and cooperation of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) in connection with this matter.br /br /The SEC's investigation is continuing. FINRA independently developed information through its examination and investigative processes that contributed significantly to the filing of this enforcement action.br /br /span style="font-style:italic;"Info courtesy of the SEC./spandiv class="blogger-post-footer"div class='adsense' style='text-align:center; padding: 0px 3px 0.5em 3px;'
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		<title>Santander&#8217;s Banif Fund Suspends Payments</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/santanders-banif-fund-suspends-payments/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 10:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991369883287712098.post-6590381746496671040</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /blockquote"I would now expect several eurozone countries with weak banking sectors to get into serious difficulties as the crisis continues. There is a risk of cascading sovereign defaults. If this was limited to countries of the size of Ireland or Greece, one could solve this problem through a bail-out. But solvency risk is not a problem confined to small countries. The banking sectors in Italy, Spain and Germany are increasingly vulnerable."br /Wolfgang Munchau, a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c94ac804-fb62-11dd-bcad-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1"Financial Times/a, 15 February 2009./blockquoteblockquoteGerman Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/companyNewsAndPR/idUSN1631373320090216"said on Monday/a euro zone countries would have to pull together if one of them faced a "serious situation," adding that Ireland was in a "difficult situation."br //blockquoteblockquoteInvestors are increasingly concerned that Ireland may default on its national debt as the government pledges more money to help troubled banks, the Sunday Times said. Credit-default swaps on Ireland’s government bonds reached record levels last week as debt investors rate the nation as Europe’s most-troubled economy, the paper said. Ireland has pledged financial help for lenders that would be more than double its annual economic output and the loans held by its banks are more than 11 times the size of its economy, the report said. Credit-default swaps on the five-year sovereign debt of Ireland, which is rated AAA by Fitch Ratings, jumped 49 basis points on Feb. 13 to a record 377, according to CMA Datavision prices. That’s 18 basis points more than the cost to protect the debt of Costa Rica, which Fitch rates BB, or 11 grades lower than AAA, from default.br /a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchiveamp;sid=aSeWuuD6tmn8"Bloomberg/a, 16 February 2009/blockquotebr /br /Well push is, I think, now getting much much nearer to shove time, and we now wait restlessly to know what EU leaders are going to offer in the way of a second round of bank bailouts at the end of this month. As a href="http://spaineconomy.blogspot.com/2009/02/italy-needs-eu-bonds-and-it-needs-them.html"I argue in this post/a, and as Munchau also suggests, more than sweet words will be needed to honour the commitment made on October 12 2008 in Paris that no "systemic" EU bank would be allowed to fail, as a minimum we need a comprehensive mechanism financed by the issuing of EU bonds.br /br /The most recent and most obvious example of the push coming to shove situation is the announcement by Spain's Banco Santander, yesterday (Monday), that its Banif property fund, the largest of its type in Spain, could not meet the avalanche of redemption requests it had been receiving, and consequently had asked the stock market regulator for permission to suspend payments for up to 2 years.br /br /According to the bank's own statement clients (of whom there are a total of around 50,000) holding 80 percent of the investments, or 2.62 billion euros, had asked to redeem their holdings while what is the eurzone's biggest bank had had to admit that the Banif Inmobiliario Fund FII lacked the cash to facilitate this, and that they, Banco Santander were not going to inject the liquidity necessary to enable the fund so to do.br /br /This decision stands in sharp contrast with the earlier action of Spain's second-biggest bank BBVA who, when faced with a similarly massive demand from clients to redeem their investments at the end of last year, opted to buy 95.6 percent of their 1.57 billion euro fund, which is the second biggest in the Spanish market.br /br /Banif has 67 percent of its assets invested in housing, 18 percent in offices, and 14 percent in commercial property, according to the fund's fourth quarter report. These properties are distribuited around Spain, with heavy concentrations in Madrid, the Balearic Islands and the north-west. Offices and commercial premises are mainly centred in Madrid and Barcelona. The fund's assets lost around 15 per cent of their value between the third and fourth quarters as values were adjusted to reflect price declines. Property sales are in constant decline in Spain - according to figures released yesterday, total sales December home sales were 26 per cent down over December 2007. House prices in Spain fell January on January by around 10% and may fall by a further 20 percent this year according to a report last week fromTasaciones Inmobiliarias SA (TINSA), the country’s biggest property valuer.br /br /Banif, which is described in its prospectus as “low risk,” produced a yield of 1.37 percent last year, down from 5.87 percent in 2007, according to the fourth-quarter report, while assets under management fell 4.2 percent in January, according to data published by Inverco, the Spanish asset management association.br /br /Analysts are evidently alarmed by this development and are warning of the immediate danger that this news could spark a a massive demand for redemption from investors in other Spanish real estate funds. There are currently nine such funds in Spain, with assets totalling around 7.25 billion euros under their management.br /br /blockquote"I've never seen a case like it," said one fund manager at Madrid brokerage Renta 4, who asked not to be named. "It could trigger a snow ball effect; that's one of the consequences when you start to hear that the biggest (fund) is doing badly"./blockquotepSantander's property division propose to use 10 percent of the fund's assets - valued at 3.41 billion euros at end-December - to pay investors partial redemptions, saying that if the necessary capital could not be raised through asset sales, it would inject cash itself. The statement also said that should the fund not be in a position to fulfil repayment requests within two years it would wind itself up. Clearly this news was not exactly enthusiastically greeted by the Spanish Bolsa, and Santander stock closed 4 percent lower at 5.49 euros after a sharper sell off in the last 30 minutes of trade. This compares with a 3 percent fall in the DJ European banking index. /pblockquote“What’s happened is another symptom of deep structural problems facing the Spanish real estate industry, which will take years to resolve,” said Juan Jose Figares, chief analyst at Link Securities in Madrid./blockquotepbr /br /strongBad Debts Rising At Santander/strongbr /br /Spanish banks, including savings banks and co-operatives, saw bad loans rise by 5.2 percent in December to 59.16 billion euros ($75.49 billion) from 56.12 billion euros in November, Bank of Spain data showed yesterday. The non-performing loans (NPL) ratio for all institutions was 3.3 percent at end-December, compared with 3.13 percent in November, with rates among savings banks the highest, at 3.79 percent, up from 3.63 percent the previous month. The bad debt ratio for commercial banks rose to 2.81 percent from 2.61 percent. /ppIn the case of Santander such loans more than doubled to 14.2 billion euros in 2008 as a recessions in Spain strongand/strong in the U.K. lead to rising defaults by borrowers. Loan arrears as a percentage of total lending totaled 2.04 percent at the end of December, up from 0.95 percent a year earlier and 1.63 percent in September. The bank added 3.6 billion euros in bad loans in the fourth quarter. The bank stated during the presentation of its full year results that NPLs in the Spanish banking system could rise up to 8 percent in 2009 as the country heads in to its worst recession in 50 years.br /br /Full-year profit fell 2 percent to 8.88 billion euros as the bank booked 350 million euros in costs tied to compensating customers hit by the alleged Madoff fraud. /pblockquote“The U.K. is a terrible place for a bank to be and Spain is also looking more and more dreadful,” said Lecubarri, who manages about $250 million, in a telephone interview ahead of results. “What’s key for investors is judging how this will keep affecting asset quality.” /blockquotepSantander has said it will pay 1.38 billion euros to clients hit by losses from investments with Madoff, making it the first bank to offer a settlement in the affair. The bank’s Optimal Investment Services hedge fund unit, based in Geneva, had 2.3 billion euros with Madoff.br /br /strongMetrovacesa To Be Handed Over To Creditors/strongbr //ppMetrovacesa, which is Spain's biggest property firm, will be handed over to its creditors on February 20, slightly later than its main shareholder originally planned, in return for the banks cancelling debt. The Sanahuja family, which has an 81 percent stake in Metrovacesa, have said in a stock market announcement said it will hand over 54.75 percent of the office, mall and housing developer to six creditor banks next Tuesday./pblockquote"The arrival of some documentation has been delayed and the entry of the banks is delayed until next Tuesday. The company will also publish (full year) results) on Tuesday," a spokesman for the family said. /blockquotepThe Sanahuja family accumulated between 4 and 5 billion euros in debt through their acquisitions, but got into difficulties when the market turned and banks restricted further lending. As a result of the "handover" BBVA, Santander, Sabadell, Banco Popular, Banesto and Caja Madrid will each take 9 percent of the company. The Spanish banks are thus constantly expanding their property portfolio as the non performing loans pile up./ppbr /strongAnd The Credit Crunch Continues/strong br /blockquoteGerman Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy called on European Union states on Monday to focus efforts on ensuring credit lines were restored to the battered European economy. "The restoration of the supply of credit must be our top priority," they wrote in a letter to the Czech EU Presidency, a copy of which was obtained by Reuters. "We must renew our commitment to a return to sustainable public finances," they added in the letter, which also called for a special summit on the economic crisis later in February./blockquotep According to the latest report from Markit economics Spanish manufacturers are being hit the hardest by credit squeeze as the financial crisis deepens and factories swoon into closure. Markit found that more than one in five manufacturing companies in Spain feel the deterioration in credit conditions is hurting their business, while 46 percent reported that credit availability had worsened from three months earlier.br /br /In an attempt to address the problem and provide credit direct to the customer, the Spanish government have now approved a 4.17 billion-euro plan to aid the car industry. The plan involves an injection of 800 million euros this year to improve productivity and 1.2 billion euros which will be made available for consumers to finance new-car purchases. The plan also includes loans for companies and permits manufacturers to delay paying social security taxes. The At the start of the recession the Spanish car industry represented around 6 percent of Spain’s economy and employed more than 350,000 people. Spanish January car sales were down 42 percent from a year earlier, according to the trade group ANFAC.br /br /strongAction At The EU Level Urgently Needed/strongbr /br /I will close this post as I opened it, with a quote from Wolfgang Munchau. Wolfgang suggests that the action which is needed is not going to happen. It could well be he is right, although I personally at this point have not abandoned all hope. But we should be in no doubt, the price of inaction at this point will be high, as high as that which Wolfgang suggests. The EU banking system is in danger, and it is danger not just in Southern European "PIG-like" economies. It is in danger in Germany, it is in danger in the UK. We need a collective response, and we need it now!br /blockquoteThe right course would be to solve the underlying problem – to shift at least some of the stimulus spending to EU or eurozone level and, ideally, drop those toxic national schemes altogether and to adopt a joint strategy for the financial sector, at least for the 45 cross-border European banks. But this is not going to happen. It did not happen in October, and it is not going to happen now. As a result of the extraordinary narrow-mindedness of Europe’s political leadership, expect serious damage to the single market in general and the single market for financial services in particular. As for the eurozone, I always argued in the past that a break-up is in effect impossible. I am no longer so sure./blockquotepbr /br /br /strongUpdate/strongbr /br /Reuters a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-CreditCrisis/idUSTRE51G2JL20090217?sp=true"have a very useful piece of background/a which gives us a bit of insight into current thinking. Comparisons are being made with what happened after Spain's last recesssion, since banks bougtht up large chunks of the of the property industry during the 1993-95 recession before making up to seven times their original investment by selling them on in the 1997-2007 property bubble. However there are serious question marks over whether a model like this will work this time round, since property prices may simply take a substantial fall, and then prices may well stay low, as happened in Japan after 1992. Certainly current conditions look nothing like Spain in 1994, and the banks' current haste to buy property, rather than allow failing businesses to go bust, is artificially lowering NPL rates now, only to delay future loan losses, losses that will hit sooner or later (my guess is 2011) as it finally sinks in that this is not a normal recession and that there will not be a normal recovery. Santander, for example,  bought 2.6 billion euros of property last year at 10 percent under the (official) market rate. The bank argues that had it not swapped that debt for property, loans on 13 percent of those assets would have defaulted.br /br /blockquoteSpanish banks are returning to property ownership to avoid loading more bad loans on to their balance sheets but the strategy is risky and unlikely to be as profitable as their real estate buying spree 15 years ago. Spain's eight biggest banks last year formed or resurrected property wings that have bought up 7.8 billion euros ($9.9 billion) worth of property from struggling home-owners and developers.br /br /The main threat to Spanish banks has come not from the toxic U.S. mortgage debt that has poisoned U.S. and British institutions, but a rapidly deepening recession propelling their bad loan rate to an expected 7 percent this year and 9 percent in 2010 from 2.8 percent last October, according to the Bank of Spain. Mindful of the need to keep bad loans to a minimum, bankers are doing everything to stop another major developer filing for administration as Spain's biggest house builder Martinsa Fadesabr /br /Not only will creditors likely take years to recover debts from Martinsa but the default also ramped up non-performing loan (NPL) rates as they provisioned 25 percent of the loan, or 250 million euros in the case of No.2 savings bank Caja Madrid. "By buying real estate assets the banks stop loans becoming bad loans. In so doing, the client's debt with the bank is canceled and they avoid not only increasing bad loans, but they also avoid having to make more provisions," said Nuria Alvarez, an analyst at Madrid brokerage Renta 4./blockquote]]></description>
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		<title>A Dozen Positive Bounces</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/a-dozen-positive-bounces/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:37:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eldon Mast</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1227919517269937208.post-7492438233010623381</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[pa href="http://feedads.googleadservices.com/~a/tTdw6bmsqqfpzOMvnTcyu1AgYbE/a"img src="http://feedads.googleadservices.com/~a/tTdw6bmsqqfpzOMvnTcyu1AgYbE/i" border="0" ismap="true"/img/a/pIt has been an amazing two weeks of positive bounces.  Here are the top dozen:br /br /1.    First you read about the bounce in the a href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2009/02/global-economic-activity-on-rebound.html"Baltic Dry /aIndex jumping up 210%.br /br /2.    Then January Retail Sales bounced by a surprising 1% month over month.  (a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://mast-economy.blogspot.com/2009/02/retail-growth-already-skyrocketing-in.html"12% annualized/a)  With Walmart, Walgreens and Amazon leading the way.br /br /3.    Next the Institute for Supply Management Indexes both a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://mast-economy.blogspot.com/2009/02/contraction-also-slowing-in-non.html"headed north/a in January.br /br /4.    And the Intel's announcement a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Intel-to-invest-7-billion-in-rb-14308394.html"to invest $7B/a soon followed.br /br /5.    There was even a international glimmer of hope for GM,  when their January car sales in Brazilspan style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" /spana style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://mast-economy.blogspot.com/2009/02/in-brazil-automobile-production-up-92.html"surged by 30%/aspan style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"./spanbr /br /6.    And when it comes to automobiles, US used car sales have a href="http://www.manheimconsulting.com/Used_Vehicle_Value_Index/Current_Monthly_Index.html"just bounced/a up in January.br /br /But what you may have not yet seen or read about in the main stream media are significant updrafts in real estate sales numbers.  (Thanks to Mark J. Perry of a href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/"Carpe Diem/a)br /br /7.    For instance, in Sacramento California, existing a href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2009/02/sacramento-home-sales-doubled-in-2008.html"home sales doubled/a in 2008 over 2007.br /br /8.    In fact, for all of California since 2007, existing home salesa href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2009/02/ca-home-sales-increase-85-in-december.html" are up 85%./abr /br /9.    And in Flint, MI, one of the most depressed economies in the country, home sales have a href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2009/02/flint-michigans-housing-boom-sales-up.html"increase by 21%./a    Yes you read that right.  With that 2008 bounce, Flint-area realtors recorded their best sales year in more than a decade.br /a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jlRX6zR7UgM/SZpAztxQ8DI/AAAAAAAAATc/JuQL2of8j5g/s1600-h/feb_consumer_survey.png"img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 237px; height: 237px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jlRX6zR7UgM/SZpAztxQ8DI/AAAAAAAAATc/JuQL2of8j5g/s400/feb_consumer_survey.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303622768385912882" border="0" //abr /10. Florida - not to be outdone - reported from West Palm Beach that a total of 638 homes sold in December 2008 compared to 467 homes in December 2007 - that's a a href="http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2009/02/florida-home-sales-rebound-law-of.html"37% bounce/a.br /br /11. Last week produced an interesting a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKNYS00482120090213"consumer survey/a.  Even though consumers continue to *feel* gloomy about the future, the trending of their economic "current conditions" over the last 5 months continues to trend positive.  (See chart)br /br /12.  And tomorrow the a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://mast-economy.blogspot.com/2009/02/stimulus-as-good-as-it-gets.html"huge bounce begins/a.  One of the biggest US government investment initiatives ever gets underway.br /br /With all these upticks it is no wonder that a href="http://www.philadelphiafed.org/research-and-data/real-time-center/survey-of-professional-forecasters/2009/survq109.cfm"43 Fed economists/a now point to a return to US economic growth in Q3 2009.  You may recall reading about a similar level-headed prediction way a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://mast-economy.blogspot.com/2008/12/dire-commentary-on-us-economy-overblown.html"back in November/a.div class="blogger-post-footer"div/div
No Gloom here.  Only Good News.
div/div
a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1416560610?ie=UTF8tag=thegooneweco-20linkCode=as2camp=1789creative=9325creativeASIN=1416560610"The Power of Positive Thinking/a
div/div
a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0743243153?ie=UTF8tag=thegooneweco-20linkCode=as2camp=1789creative=390957creativeASIN=0743243153"The Road Less Traveled/a
div/div/divdiv class="feedflare"
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/divimg src="http://feeds2.feedburner.com/~r/TheGoodNewsEconomist/~4/mvVShqwWyes" height="1" width="1"/]]></description>
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		<title>Platinum: The Poor Man&#8217;s Gold?</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 11:18:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sean Maher</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[div align="justify"Platinum has recovered steadily over recent weeks from the lows around $800 seen through November and December to just under $1100 currently. This is still half the peak levels seen last Summer amid fears of key South African production being curbed by a near span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"collapse/span of the national power grid, and before the slump in global car sales became apparent (a key industrial use of platinum being in auto catalysts). According to Johnson span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"Matthey/span, overall demand will be down 5% this year (although longer term a key new application will be in clean burning fuel cells). Platinum hasn't historically had the same 'store of value' currency characteristic of gold (or even silver), but it is about 30 times rarer in the earth's crust, with the bulk of production in South Africa and Russia. /divdiv align="justify"emstrongAs shown in the chart below, it is now trading at a multi-year relative low versus gold./strong/em Over the past 20 years, platinum has traditionally traded at a 50% premium to gold. However, the last time that precious metals were in a bull market (and before the auto catalyst market even existed) in the 1970s gold was occasionally more valuable than platinum and the ratio averages the current 1.1x over the last 40 years. Speaking of ratios out of kilter, oil/gold is now at 25x, levels not seen since the late 1980's and before that 1974...the recent run is driven by sheer terror of capital loss elsewhere, not inflation hedging. Industrial usage accounts for 70% of platinum demand against just 11% for gold (and 76% for silver); investment demand for platinum in the form of span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"ETFs/span etc is negligible right now, but has risen to about 25% for gold and 3% for silver. That investment disparity may be set to change. emstrongspan style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"This article continues at /span/strong/ema href="http://www.deadcatsbouncing.com/"emstrongspan style="font-family:trebuchet ms;color:#cc0000;"www.deadcatsbouncing.com/span/strong/em/aemstrongspan style="font-family:trebuchet ms;" /span/strong/em/divdiv align="justify"emstrong/strong/em/divdiv class="feedflare"
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		<title>How Near Is The Czech Economy To Recession?</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/investing-in-europe/how-near-is-the-czech-economy-to-recession/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2009 09:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Manuel Alvarez-Rivera</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1443720106009957151.post-7096851944419492805</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[blockquoteThe highly open Czech economy is set to slow down considerably, affected by the deteriorating outlook for its main trading partners. Although GDP growth was still solid in Q3 2008, both exports and imports growth slowed significantly. The global crisis is expected to adversely impact the real economy particularly from the fourth quarter of 2008. Overall, GDP is expected to have grown by 4.2% in 2008 with a strong contribution from the external balance.br /EU Commission Forecast January 2009/blockquotepAnalysts and followers of the Czech economy are basically agreed on two things at the moment: that the Czech is slowing (and rapidly), and that the dependence on car exports is a real achilles heal at a time when a generalised credit crunch means that the financing which is needed for people to make car purchases often quite simply isn't there. Beyond this point opinions differ. Some expect the slowdown to end in nothing more than a year of sub par growth, with a bounce-back recovery in H2 2009 (this is the view, for example, of Pasquale Diana at Morgan Stanley). Others take a more pessimistic view - like Danskebank's Lars Christensen - and fear that not only may we see a substantial slowdown (bordering possibly on outright contraction) throughout the whole of 2009. but also that strong deflationary forces are at work, forces which may well lead the Czech National Bank to become one of the first European central banks (hand in hand possibly with the BoE) to get into the tricky area of trying to operate monetary policy near the zero bound. Personally, after a long hard stare at the detailed macro data, I am in the latter camp, and to answer the question I pose in the title of this post, I think the Czech economy is very near to its first quarter of contraction, indeed we may even have seen contraction in Q4 2008. If we didn't it will be a very close call, since the not only has the trade impact been negative, and industrial output dropped like a stone, but domestic consumer demand - as reflected in retail sales - also seems to have been falling.br /br /And the outlook for domestic demand certainly does not look any too positive, if the most recent consumer confidence readings are anything to go by, since these have been falling strongly since the summer, and surely suggest strong weakness in household consumption right across the first half of 2009, at the very least./ppa href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXto7P2eJNI/AAAAAAAAMX4/z3rSq33daMk/s1600-h/czech+cci.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294941153980720338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 209px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXto7P2eJNI/AAAAAAAAMX4/z3rSq33daMk/s400/czech+cci.png" border="0" //a /ppstrongIndustrial Output Falls Like A Stonebr //strongbr /br /Czech industrial production fell in November at the fastest rate since at least 2000, dropping by 17.4 percent year on year, following a decline of 7.6 percent in October.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtqYJ9XuKI/AAAAAAAAMYA/L2-vgkjQBHI/s1600-h/czech+IP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294942750126880930" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 230px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtqYJ9XuKI/AAAAAAAAMYA/L2-vgkjQBHI/s400/czech+IP.png" border="0" //abr /This fall is very substantial and it is clear that the Czech authorities urgently need to revise their growth forecasts in the light of this and other recent data, indeed some analysts - Radomir Jac at Generali PPF Asset Management in Prague , for example - are already arguing the drop may well mean the economy already started to contract in the fourth quarter. Others are more cautious. Still, one thing is common across all the analyses, we are talking about cars, cars, and ever less cars./pblockquoteThe collapse in activity across the region in 4Q08 looks truly extraordinary, and was correctly flagged by the PMI surveys, which sank to all-time lows. Trade data and industrial output and, to a lesser extent, retail sales all show a significant loss of momentum towards year-end. Much of this is due to weaker external demand, in particular in the auto sector, which is the region’s most important export. Car sales in the EU have weakened further, and several carmakers have announced a cut in their production plans for 2009. In the Czech Republic, Hyundai said that it plans to move to a four-day workweek and pay workers 70% of their salaries for a period of 1-3 months; Skoda also downgraded its production plans massively for 2009 (from 700k cars to 570k).br /a href="http://www.morganstanley.com/views/gef/archive/2008/20090119-Mon.html#anchor7369"Pasquale Diana, Morgan Stanley/a/blockquotebr /blockquoteThe Czech Republic has arguably the most stable economy in central Europe, but at a time when the world is being buffeted by financial crisis, there is no chance it will escape being hit next year. First in the line of fire will be the automotive sector which, with almost 1m cars manufactured this year, is responsible for about 10 per cent of the economy. Almost all are exported to western Europe, where new car sales have plunged in the final months of the year.br /Jan Cienski, a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/222ce452-cc97-11dd-acbd-000077b07658.html"Financial Times/a/blockquotepAnd the situation is almost sure to get worse, since the Czech Purchasing Managers' Index fell to 32.7 in December, from 37.8 in November, which indicates a very substantial fall in industrial output again in December.br /br /br //ppa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXpDMpLbt4I/AAAAAAAAMWA/ooE6FwoHu-I/s1600-h/czech+PMI.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294618196418738050" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 228px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXpDMpLbt4I/AAAAAAAAMWA/ooE6FwoHu-I/s400/czech+PMI.png" border="0" //a Thus we can expect Q4 industrial output to be a strongly negative factor, and indeed this only marks a steepening of a trend we have been seeing since Q1 2008, if we look at the quarterly chart for movements in manufacturing output below.br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtfjHLg1QI/AAAAAAAAMXI/AUXne7w6Nvw/s1600-h/czech+manufactiring+output.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294930843731547394" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 207px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtfjHLg1QI/AAAAAAAAMXI/AUXne7w6Nvw/s400/czech+manufactiring+output.png" border="0" //abr /strongExports Fall And The Trade Balance Deteriorates/strong/pp/ppThe fall in industrial output is basically a reflection of the ongoing deterioration in the CR's performance in external trade, and the drop indemand for exports. The monthly goods trade deficit was CZK 474 million in November, down from the very large CZK3.95 billion deficit registerd in October, but well below the CZK 12 billion surplus clocked up in November 2007.br /br /Exports were down 18% year-on-year in the month compared with a 10.7% fall in October. The statistics office report said the decline in exports was the highest in the entire history of the Czech Republic. Imports declined 13.2% compared with a 5.9% drop in October. Total imports slipped to CZK 195.2 billion from CZK 221.4 billion.br /br //ppa href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtt7-7c-8I/AAAAAAAAMYI/-FkztlLcqjw/s1600-h/czech+imports.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294946664176221122" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 210px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtt7-7c-8I/AAAAAAAAMYI/-FkztlLcqjw/s400/czech+imports.png" border="0" //abr /strongRetail Sales Also Head Southbr //strongbr /br /In November, seasonally adjusted retail sales in retail trade (excluding cars) decreased by 0.3% month-on-month (at constant prices) and fell by 0.7%, year-on-year. As far as the automotive sector goes, seasonally adjusted sales were 3.4% down, m-o-m, and 5.1%. Sales were also down 0.7% month on month in October.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsfu95uCTI/AAAAAAAAMWI/ZqvZv2hCoYc/s1600-h/czech+retail+sales.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294860678655248690" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 207px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsfu95uCTI/AAAAAAAAMWI/ZqvZv2hCoYc/s400/czech+retail+sales.png" border="0" //abr /strongKoruna Continues To Fall/strongbr /br /With all this negative data it is hardly surprising that the Czech koruna has been weaking significantly of late, and it depreciated again last week, losing as much as 1 percent on Friday alone (hitting 28.255 against the euro at one point, the weakest since July 2007) and 2.1 percent on the week.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsgXWkFRxI/AAAAAAAAMWQ/ir_mVaedNJM/s1600-h/koruna.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294861372470150930" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 241px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsgXWkFRxI/AAAAAAAAMWQ/ir_mVaedNJM/s400/koruna.png" border="0" //a /ppstrongConsumer Prices Already Fallingbr //strongbr /Consumer prices in the Czech Republic were down again in December, and fell by 0.3% when compared with November. Year-on-year consumer prices were up by 3.6 % in December (down from 4.4 % in November), while the whole year average was 6.3 % in 2008.br /br /As is to be expected the month-on-month drop in consumer prices was lead by the fall in automotive fuel - 95 octane petrol hit its lowest level since March 2002, while food and non-alcoholic beverages were mainly down, with pronounced falls in the prices of flour, milk, butter, citrus fruit and sugar (by 6.7 %, 1.7 %, 2.7 %, 8.6 % and 1.9 %, respectively). But prices drop were far more general, and in the health sector, for example, medical products dropped by 0.5 %. Prices of goods in general decreased by 0.5 %, while prices of services increased by 0.1 %.br /br //ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsm9nV7K6I/AAAAAAAAMWo/8EFdtcB5kNY/s1600-h/czech+inflation.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294868626878966690" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 209px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsm9nV7K6I/AAAAAAAAMWo/8EFdtcB5kNY/s400/czech+inflation.png" border="0" //a But what is perhaps more interesting is the way in which the "core" EU HICP index (ie excluding food, alchohol, tobacco and energy) has now been falling since August, and I do not expect to see an increase in this index in 2009, which means we should see negative core inflation in the CR in 2009.br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtl9gzu2vI/AAAAAAAAMXw/0v7AhkoGrb0/s1600-h/czech+HICP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294937894357490418" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 207px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtl9gzu2vI/AAAAAAAAMXw/0v7AhkoGrb0/s400/czech+HICP.png" border="0" //abr /br /Industrial producer prices are also falling, and were down by an annual 1.5% in November. The most significant price decreases were observed in ‘coke, refined petroleum products’ (-19.0%), ‘basic metals, fabricated metal products’ (-2.1%) and ‘chemicals, chemical products and man-made fibres’ (-3.8%). Prices of ‘food products, beverages and tobacco’ fell by 0.5%.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXslEL0vODI/AAAAAAAAMWg/hSDbYYjedr0/s1600-h/czech+producer+prices.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294866540727842866" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 208px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXslEL0vODI/AAAAAAAAMWg/hSDbYYjedr0/s400/czech+producer+prices.png" border="0" //a The big issue now is what will happen to inflation expectations? The strongest defence against the arrival of deflation is the expectation of inflation to come. To date these expectations have held up, but they could well turn negative at some point, and if this were to occur it would have a very significant impact on consumer behaviour (since evidently it is more interesting to delay that whimsical purchase till tomorrow, when the thing will be cheaper). If expectations do turn significantly negative, then it could turn out to be very hard work indeed getting them back into positive territory. Which is why I suspect the CNB will be pretty proactive, possibly more proactive than many are anticipating./ppbr /strongMoving Towards The Zero Bound At The CNB?/strongbr /br /The Czech National Bank, whose next policy-setting meeting is scheduled for 5 February, have been cutting their benchmark borrowing rate pretty aggresively since last October, taking it down to 2.25 percent at its last meeting in December. /pblockquoteThe drop of industrial output is “really considerable,” central bank board member Robert Holman said on Patria.cz. The bank’s “pessimistic” forecast scenario is starting to be fulfilled, he said. /blockquotepThe latest central bank forecast cut the outlook for 2009 economic growth to 2.9 percent, although the bank had an alternative (pessimistic) scenario which foresaw growth of 0.5 percent this year. /pblockquoteToday’s industrial production numbers and the outlook for inflation to drop to just above 1% in January should make the Czech central bank (CNB) even more dovish. We now expect a cut of at least 75bp at the next CNB board meeting in February. Furthermore, we would not rule out that CNB could be the first European central bank (maybe with the Bank of England) to go to (near) zero per cent interest rates. Therefore, we also recommend buying EUR/CZK at current levels.br /Lars Christensen and Stanislava Pravdova, Danskebankbr /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsiFZ8JlaI/AAAAAAAAMWY/QNmTPvV-_o8/s1600-h/czech+interest+rates.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294863263162013090" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 226px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXsiFZ8JlaI/AAAAAAAAMWY/QNmTPvV-_o8/s400/czech+interest+rates.png" border="0" //a /blockquoteblockquoteSo far, January’s economic data published support our view that the CNB’s Bank Board Members are ready to continue easing, following the 150bp cut in policy rates in 2H08 to 2.25%. However, yesterday’s data have led us to review our previous forecast of a 50bp cut in the CNB’s policy rates, and we now believe a 75-100bp cut is likely to be discussed at the February meeting. Furthermore, we do not exclude the possibility that the CNB’s main policy rate could breach its all-time low (which was 1.75% in 2Q-3Q05) in February.br /Jaromir Sindel, CitiGroup Global Markets/blockquotepI am with Lars Christensen and Jaromir Sindel here, I think the CNB will move, and move pretty decisively to try to block the path to looming price deflation, and I guess a 75 bp cut (and possibly more) is looking very probable, with further cuts following inswift succession. Evidently the key piece of data will be the January manufacturing PMI, and in the short term I expect the PMI and not the actual output data (which obviously come later) to be dictating policy decisions. The statist office releases simply serve to calibrate the PMIs (post hoc) in this type of situation.br /br //ppstrongSo What Is The Outlook For Czech GDP Growth in 2009?br //strongbr //ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtg84q696I/AAAAAAAAMXQ/BXGslCf37Rg/s1600-h/czech+GDP+yoy.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294932386024978338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 208px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtg84q696I/AAAAAAAAMXQ/BXGslCf37Rg/s400/czech+GDP+yoy.png" border="0" //a Well, in trying to determine the future path of Czech GDP, the first thing we need to bear in mind - looking at the GDP chart above - is that the economy has been losing momentum since late 2006, that is the "stellar" catch-up growth component has been waning, and for some time. The second thing we need to bear in mind is that this is not necessarily a bad thing, since it means that the CR's economy (unlike many others across the CEE) is certainly not on a boom bust cycle. The slowdown in quarter on quarter growth is also evident in the chart below. In fact in Q3 2008, Czech GDP grew by 1.0% in comparison to Q2 2008 and by 4.7% in comparison to Q3 2007.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtPUcoxBjI/AAAAAAAAMXA/UxhAeDgOXzE/s1600-h/czech+qoq.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294912999607305778" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtPUcoxBjI/AAAAAAAAMXA/UxhAeDgOXzE/s400/czech+qoq.png" border="0" //abr /What is interesting is that the weaker growth we can see in the chart has been largely a by-product of slowing private consumption growth (see a href="http://czecheconomy.blogspot.com/2008/08/ceska-narodni-banka-drops-its-interest.html"my earlier post here/a, and a href="http://easterneuropeeconomy.blogspot.com/2008/04/inflation-free-growth-capacity-in-czech.html"this one here/a), which leaves us with the possibility that the Czech Republic economy - following along the path already charted by Germany, Japan, Italy and Hungary - may now be in the process of becoming an export dependent one. (Perhaps it sounds strange to talk about Italy as export dependent given its very weak growth, but this weak growth is in fact the outcome of continuing very poor export performance, since domestic demand has now been weak for more years than I personally care to remember). In fact final domestic consumption was still up by 2.7% in Q3 2008, and represented a contribution of 1.9 p.p. to GDP growth. Final consumption was particularly influenced by a year on year increase in household expenditure by 2.5% , while government expenditure grew by 3.7%. Fiscal stimulus should hold the government component steady, but I would expect the household one to drop back, and especially as we start to see job losses from the industrial contraction.br //ppa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXth7H_kZOI/AAAAAAAAMXY/YjvMnFdlnKQ/s1600-h/czech+household.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294933455290000610" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 207px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXth7H_kZOI/AAAAAAAAMXY/YjvMnFdlnKQ/s400/czech+household.png" border="0" //abr /Gross capital formation was down by 2.0% on Q3 2007 and had a negative impact of 0.5 p.p. on GDP growth, although gross fixed capital formation taken alone was up by 4.5% y-o-y; in fact investment in transport equipment and in machinery and equipment was the main source of GFCF growth./ppa href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtj8Rk2xTI/AAAAAAAAMXg/mI7YnF7DhBo/s1600-h/czech+total+capital+formation.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294935674065438002" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 207px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtj8Rk2xTI/AAAAAAAAMXg/mI7YnF7DhBo/s400/czech+total+capital+formation.png" border="0" //a/ppAs in earlier quarters, external trade in goods and services was the main source of economic growth in Q3 and contributed by 2.8 p.p. to the GDP increase, despite a considerable fall in y-o-y growth rate of exports (from 13.9% in Q2 to 5.0% in Q3). This was the result of the marked fall in import growth (from 9.7% to 1.6%), hence external trade remained the principal source of GDP growth.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtlCSX4c5I/AAAAAAAAMXo/WQWtuAeRGMs/s1600-h/czech+exports.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294936876870300562" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 206px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtlCSX4c5I/AAAAAAAAMXo/WQWtuAeRGMs/s400/czech+exports.png" border="0" //a /pblockquoteReflecting Citi’s expectations of a recession in the eurozone, we forecast the trade surplus (both of goods and services) to shrink significantly in 2009 from its surplus of CZK108 billion in 2008 (our estimate).Falling commodity prices are likely to have been behind the improvement in the terms of trade in November, which fell in October. We believe this development has the following implications: the improvement in the terms of trade is likely to cause the foreign trade’s first negative contribution to GDP growth after three and half years, and GDP growth is likely to fall quickly to the levels of real gross domestic income, which was 2% YoY in 3Q08 and much lower than that of GDP growth of 4.3%.br /Jaromir Sindel, CitiGroup Global Markets/blockquotepstrongEmployment May Weaken/strongbr /br /Employment growth, which has been one of the hallmark features of the Czech expansion, continued to grow in the third quarter and was up by 0.4% q-o-q and 1.9% y-o-y. Labour productivity measured by gross value added per employed person was also up (by 2.3% y-o-y). There were 5.327 million Czechs in employment in Q3 2008, 98,000 more than in Q3 2007. However, there is now some evidence that this favourable situation may now be changing.br /br /Certainly, if we look at the chart below, the substantial drop in unemployment in the CR since 2005 is very impressive, and indeed even though the seasonally adjusted EU harmonised rate ticked up from 4.4% in October to 4.5% in November (the last month for which Eurostat have released data) the change is hardly a dramatic one.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXwpYmfTM6I/AAAAAAAAMYg/BBQkpgEY7Eo/s1600-h/czech+unemployment.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5295152764506289058" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 219px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXwpYmfTM6I/AAAAAAAAMYg/BBQkpgEY7Eo/s400/czech+unemployment.png" border="0" //abr /br /However, if we look at the data from the CR's owb labour office, we find a reasonably sharp increase from November to December (unemployment was up by 32,000, compared with a 7,000 rise in December 2007), and if we look at the situation vis a vis vacancies (see chart below), then it is clear that the deterioration in manufacturing conditions is now affecting the labour market, since the number of vacancies advertised has now fallen from the April 2008 peak of 152,300 to December's low of 91,200 (the lowest number in over 2 years, which is all I have data for).br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXwrtv2Q5nI/AAAAAAAAMYo/7d9Zeb33dt0/s1600-h/czech+vacancies.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5295155326819034738" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 210px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXwrtv2Q5nI/AAAAAAAAMYo/7d9Zeb33dt0/s400/czech+vacancies.png" border="0" //abr /br /br /strongCA Deficit To Deteriorate, While Fiscal Spending May Increase As The Slowdown Acceleratesbr //strongbr /br /br /The CR does run a current account deficit, but it is actually a fairly moderate one in a regional context, although it is liable to increase in 2009. November’s narrower current account deficit reflects the slightly improved trade balance over October and lower dividend outflows from FDI, which dropped to CZK3.5 billion from October’s CZK12.3 billion. The current account financing requirement has been low but the deficit may have reached 2.8% of GDP in 2008 (up from 1.8% in 2007, and above the IMF estimate of 2.2% GDP)./ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtxFI9ZlRI/AAAAAAAAMYQ/fTv6Ncrjte4/s1600-h/czech+CA+deficit.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294950120022447378" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtxFI9ZlRI/AAAAAAAAMYQ/fTv6Ncrjte4/s400/czech+CA+deficit.png" border="0" //abr /The EU Commission forecast thatgeneral government deficit will be 1.2% of GDP in 2008. This reflects a much-lower than- expected deficit of 1% of GDP in 2007 and the positive fiscal impact of a variety of revenue and expenditure measures. For 2009, they expect the general government deficit to widen somewhat given the pressure on revenues and expenditure which will result from falling activity, rising unemployment and probable fiscal stimulus measures. Overall, they suggest that the general government deficit will widen to 2.5% of GDP in 2009 but should fall back to 2.3% in 2010 - although this surely reflects their benign slowdown scenario whereby a recivery is expected to arrive in H2 2009. The debt-to-GDP ratio is forecast to rise to above 30% in 2010, from 29.4% in 2008.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtzycMeL-I/AAAAAAAAMYY/lO4lqiJHpBg/s1600-h/czech+fiscal+deficit.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294953097303306210" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXtzycMeL-I/AAAAAAAAMYY/lO4lqiJHpBg/s400/czech+fiscal+deficit.png" border="0" //a /ppstrongConclusion: Central Europe Is All Recession Boundbr //strong/ppThis is basically the third in a series of posts, where I have looked at the short term outlook for three key central European economies: Poland (a href="http://polandeconomy.blogspot.com/2009/01/forex-lending-crunch-means-trouble-is.html"here/a), Hungary (a href="http://hungaryeconomywatch.blogspot.com/2008/12/hungarys-central-bank-cuts-05-as.html"here/a) and the CR, and the conclusion is that they are all headed into or near to the contraction zone in 2009. Cetainly Hungary is the worst case scenario, and Poland is struggling with a complex set of forex issues, but even the Czech Republic can not expect to escape unscathed.br /br /Previously, as can be see in this chart for the EU Economic Sentiment index, Poland had been faring rather better its Central European neighbours. But the downward movement in Poland is now evident and pronounced, and in fact the contraction may ultimately be sharper than in the CR.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXWFVa3Oz3I/AAAAAAAAMNw/aaNGdG7btDk/s1600-h/poland+EU+conf.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293283540078612338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 236px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SXWFVa3Oz3I/AAAAAAAAMNw/aaNGdG7btDk/s400/poland+EU+conf.png" border="0" //abr /In their January forecast the EU Commission estimated that GDP growth in the Czech Republic would come in at 1.7% in 2009 and then edge up again to 2.3% in 2010. This now seems very much on the high side to me. I expect Czech GDP to be more or less stationary in 2009, with some downside risk to this estimate given the general problem of economic stability in the region and the very serious contraction which is like to take place in the German economy on which the CR is so dependent. I do not expect a resurgence in domestic demand, and the economy will now more than likely become even more export dependent, which leaves us with the omnipresent question, "exports to where"? On the other hand, at the present time we do are not looking at a "boom-bust" scenario, and the CR economy should fare substantially better than many of those around it. /p]]></description>
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		<title>How to Protect Yourself from the End of America</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/contrarian-perspectives/how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-end-of-america/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/contrarian-perspectives/how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-end-of-america/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Daily Wealth</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Contrarian Perspectives]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[BBy Porter Stansberry/BBRBR

The current economic problems have their roots in one major thing: the vast expansion of debt in the United States over the last three decades.BRBR

Americans have borrowed far more money than they can ever hope to repay. Much of this debt is tied to residential real estate, but there are also record amounts of credit-card, commercial real estate, and public (state and federal) debt.BRBR

Starting in 2006, when mortgage debts began to sour, asset prices began to fall – even though employment and wages remained strong. The only time that's ever happened before was in the early stages of the Great Depression. This marked the beginning of the great "unwinding" as the excess debt began to unravel. The result has been a sustained decline in the underlying asset prices upon which layer after layer of debt had been securitized.BRBR

Declining asset prices and the large amount of mortgage debt already outstanding make it virtually impossible for the private sector to create any additional credit.BRBR

And because Americans (in aggregate) have not saved a penny in almost a generation, there's no way to keep the economy going. Americans have become credit junkies. Without more credit, America's economy falls apart. But according to the Federal Reserve, outstanding U.S. consumer credit fell in November by $7.9 billion – the largest monthly decline ever. That's a 3.7% annualized decline in consumer credit. That's never happened before – not since 1943, when the records begin. Credit-card balances declined by $2.8 billion, and auto loans declined by $5.2 billion.BRBR

The declines in credit made a huge impact on consumer demand. Car sales fell by record amounts in December (32%), and retail sales fell across the board at Christmas. It was the worst holiday retail results in more than four decades. These declines to credit set the stage for what would normally be a long-lasting recession and a massive decline in asset prices. Imagine how far car prices would fall if it became impossible to get a car loan. Imagine how far home prices would fall if it became impossible to get a mortgage.BRBR

But the U.S. government has one weapon no other country has – the world's reserve currency. The government clearly plans to make up for the shortfall in consumer demand by increased spending. The U.S. budget deficit for 2009 is now projected to be $1.1 trillion – more than 8% of GDP. Only during World War I and World War II did the government ever have bigger annual deficits. None of these figures include any of the new stimulus packages Barack Obama has promised, which means the actual deficit next year might grow to $2 trillion – around 15% of GDP.BRBR

Given our total debt already exceeds $10 trillion, it seems improbable this level of deficit spending can continue without sparking a run on the dollar via foreign governments selling U.S. Treasury bonds. No one believes our creditors will ever sell the dollar. But they're wrong. Our creditors will not allow us to print money forever.BRBR

South Korea is one of the largest holders of U.S. Treasury bonds. On January 19, the head of investments for South Korea's government pension service, Kim Heeseok, told Bloomberg, "It's time to sell U.S. Treasuries" because the ongoing stimulus is going to cause inflation. We are squandering and destroying the greatest advantage of our country – control over the world's reserve currency.BRBR

In 2009, we will see government spending approach 30% of GDP. Our government is now bigger, as a percentage of our economy, than the socialist states of Europe, excluding their health care expenditures. And these figures don't reflect the Federal Reserve's actions. The Fed has tripled the size of its balance sheet, creating enormous amounts of new money by lending to hundreds of ailing banks and buying up more than $1 trillion worth of questionable asset-backed securities. This month, the Fed pledged to buy yet another $500 billion of Fannie- and Freddie-guaranteed mortgage securities, helping to force mortgage interest rates down.BRBR

This is how America ends – with the lie that we all can live at the expense of our neighbor and borrow endlessly. Rather than simply face a downturn in the economy, we plan to borrow trillions of dollars our children and grandchildren will be forced to repay. Rather than let all those people and institutions that took on too much debt (like GM) be liquidated and restructured, we plan to risk a hyperinflation. Rather than insist homeowners who can't afford their mortgages lose their homes, we would jeopardize the credit rating of the country.BRBR

It is all madness. None of the government's bailout plans will solve any of the problems. The government can only shift the burden of the failures. Instead of bondholders and shareholders being wiped out, taxpayers are put on the hook. These actions will temporarily resuscitate the economy – but cause a permanent decline in the value of the dollar.BRBR

Fortunately for us, we have several ways to protect ourselves from what will happen. First, make sure to own physical gold and silver. A dollar run will send precious metals much higher. Second, own the highest-quality stocks in the world. And third, sell any long-dated U.S. government bonds you own. As the dollar loses its value and inflation returns to the economy, much of the value of these government IOUs will be wiped out.BRBR

I'm not happy to be the one to tell you all this. I hope I'm dead wrong. But it's paramount you take at least some measure of the precautionary steps I've just described. Bigger government is coming... and in the long run, it's going to make things worse.BRBR

Good investing,BRBR

Porter StansberryBRBR

TomBRBRdiv class="feedflare"
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		<title>Aspire Misery Index for the Week Ended January 16, 2009 &#8211; Updated through January 16</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/small-cap-and-micro-cap-stocks/aspire-misery-index-for-the-week-ended-january-16-2009-updated-through-january-16/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2009 21:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Small Cap Pulse</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.smallcappulse.com/index.php/site/aspire_misery_index_for_the_week_ended_january_16_2009_updated_through_janu/#When:13:47:00Z</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Aspire Misery Index for the Week Ended January 16, 2009


As of Friday morning, January 16, here is what we have accumulated for our Misery Index: 


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; US. Auto Industry ndash; Ford expects U.S. light vehicles to reach 12.2 million units this year, Chrysler expects sales to reach 11 million and GM projects 10 to 11 million - down from 16 million in 2007 and 13.2 million last year. Wachovia expects 10.3 million unit sales. CSM worldwide expects 2009 sales in the U.S. to hit 11.5 million (but then rebound to 13.6 million in 2010). Deutsche Bank projects 2009 sales in the U.S. to decline by 13% to 11.5 million units. J.D. Power amp; Associates projects sales in the U.S. to decline to 11.4 million units in 2009, and then grow to 13.4 million in 2010, and 14.7 million units by 2011.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Global Auto Industry ndash; French-Romanian manufacturer Dacia announced a temporary closure of a Romanian plant; Hyundai cutting domestic output between 25% to 30%. CSM Worldwide is forecasting 2008 global sales to fall about 8% to 56.8 million (but a rise in 2010 sales of nearly 7% to 60.8 million units). PSA Peugeot Citroen said its sales declined by 4.9% in 2008. South Korearsquo;s Ssangyong Motor has halted production, after filing for bankruptcy last week. Nissan is cutting domestic production by 64,000 vehicles in February and March. European car sales have hit a 15-year low, according to the ACEA, with demand in the region down 7.3%. Sales in the region in December were down 18% Y/Y. Honda is halting production at its British plant for 20 days in April and 15 days in May to reduce production by 17,000 units and it is cutting production in Japan by an additional 56,000 units.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Global Technology ndash; Forrester Research anticipates spending to decline by 3% this year, which would mark the first decline since 2002, but it expects spending to recover to as much as 9% growth by 2010.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; PC Shipments ndash; Global shipments of PCs posed their first quarterly decline in six years, during the last quarter of 2008, by 0.4% Y/Y. In the U.S. shipments of PCs fell by 3.5%.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Global Handset Marketnbsp; - Sony Ericcson revised its estimate to 1.19 billion units, or 6% growth, down from previous estimates of 10% growth.nbsp; 

middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Retail ndash; The Commerce Department reported that retail sales fell 2.7% in December, following a 2.1% decline in November. Ex-autos, the number came in at a decline of 3.1%.nbsp; Expectations were for a 1.2% decline in December. Excluding auto sales, expectations were for a decline of 1.3%. Chain-store sales fell 2.3% for the week ended January 10. December chain-store sales fell 2% Y/Y, and excluding Wal-Mart, comparable store sales declined 4.6% Y/Y marking the largest downturn since 1970.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Airline Industry ndash; Airbus expects orders to dip below deliveries for the first time in six years. Airline traffic fell 7.1% in October. SkyWest said December traffic fell by 3.3% Y/Y.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Beer ndash; reports from brewers are indicating that the beer industry is not immune from current economic conditions either. SABMiller is reporting shipments fell unexpectedly in Q3; Carlsberg A/S said it is cutting 274 jobs to save on costs;nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Inventories ndash; The Commerce Department said businesses cut inventories by 0.7% in November. Expectations were for a 0.5% decline. This is the third straight month of reductions in inventories.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The housing market continues to reel. Reports this morning are that more than 2.3 million American homeowners faced foreclosure last year, an 81% increase from 2007. 860,000 properties were actually repossessed by lenders and Moodyrsquo;s Economy.com is projecting that the number of homes lost to foreclosure will rise by another 18% this year. RealtyTrac said Hawaiirsquo;s foreclosures tripled in December, compared to the same period last year; 

middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hustlerrsquo;s Larry Flynt reported hat adult DVD sales have decreased 22% in 2008 over the prior year.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ratings Revisions ndash; Moodyrsquo;s revises Harscorsquo;s outlook to negative; Moodyrsquo;s revised Synovus outlook to negative; Samp;P downgraded Visteon to CCC status from B- with a negative outlook; Samp;P reduced Hayes Lemmerz maintaining outlook to negative; Fitch downgraded Tronox ratings; Moodyrsquo;s cut Harscorsquo;s outlook to negative; Samp;P cut auto parts supplier BorgWarnerrsquo;s ratings; DCP Midstream outlook downgraded to negative by Samp;P, Moodyrsquo;s downgraded Texas Industries; Samp;P cut ratings on Merisant; Moodyrsquo;s said the fundamental credit outlook for the United Arab Emiratesrsquo; banking sector is negative; Samp;P lowered Greece republic; Moodyrsquo;s downgraded American Greetings; Delta Petroleum rating downgraded by Moodyrsquo;s; Moodyrsquo;s downgraded Quiksilver; Samp;P lowered ratings on Spansion; 

middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Profit warnings ndash; Vertex, Hologic, Kendle, Aetna, Kennametal, Aetna, Celgene, KLA Tencor, Health Management, Prestige, Liz Clairborne, Cepheid, Lexmark, Prestige Brands, Old National, Nvidia, Genesco, Visteon, Kenneth Cole,nbsp; F.N.B.., Marathon, Beazer, Deutsche Bank AG, Ametek, P.F. Changs, Kenneth Cole, Bunge, VF, California Pizza Kitchen, Cardiac Science, Trimble, Sanyo, Plantronics, Intel, Cynosure, RC2, Caliper, Autodesknbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Job cuts ndash; Waterford (367 jobs), Courier (72 jobs), Kennametal (1,200 jobs), Westchester Medical Center (400 jobs), Cessna (2,000 jobs), Seagate (10% of its U.S. workforce, or 800 jobs), Cost Plus (18% of its staff), BRE Properties (33 jobs), Mosaic (1,000 jobs in Canada), Cummins (800 jobs and freezing salaries), PGT Inc. (10% of workforce), Pfizer (800 jobs), Hutchinson Technology (275 jobs), ING Group (750 jobs), Digicel (10% of workforce), Harrahrsquo;s Cherokee Casinos (100 jobs), FormFactor (22% of workforce or about 200 jobs); Nieman Marcus (about 375 jobs), Sonus Networks (4% of its workforce, or 40 jobs), Oracle (500 jobs), Reebok (more than 300 workers), Cardiac Science (12% of workforce, or 66 jobs), Barnes amp; Noble (100 jobs); Motorola (another 4,000 jobs), Ecolab (1,000 jobs), Google (100 jobs), MeadWestvaco (10% of its workforce, or 2,000 jobs), Sanyo (1,200 jobs), Plantronics (18% of workforce), Standard Micro (5% to 10% of workforce), Vulcan (50 jobs), Saks (1,100 jobs), AAA (200 jobs), Cynosure (17% of workforce), Random House (confirmed it is cutting an undisclosed number of jobs), the Boston Globe (up to 50 newsroom jobs),nbsp; Marshall amp; Illsley (830 jobs), Autodesk (750 jobs), Blue Cross Blue Shield (up to 1,000 jobs), Roche (780 jobs),nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Employers announced almost 40,000 jobs cuts on Friday alone!nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Labor Market was expected to report unemployment claims were 500,000 last week. Instead, jobless claims rose 54,000 to 524,000. The one positive note is that continuing claims declined to 4.5 million from an upwardly revised number of 4.6 million the prior week.

middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Chapter 11 ndash; Tronox, Tarrogon Corp., Apex Silver (planned); Nortel, Gottschalks, Goodyrsquo;s, Black Angus,nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; BankruptcyData.com reported that bankruptcy filings amongst publicly traded companies increased by 74% in 2008 (136 filings). The record was set in 2001 with 263 filings.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Corporate Defaults ndash; Moodyrsquo;s Investors Service said the rate of defaults by corporate borrowers around the world more than quadrupled last year to 4%. The default rate is expected to rise to about 15.1% by the end of this year.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Closing shop ndash; Cost Plus is closing 26 stores and exiting eight media markets; Sunoco is closing its Texas manufacturing plant; AAA is closing 34 offices in 7 states; Circuit City is closing remaining 567 U.S. stores;nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; States running on empty ndash; Texas comptroller announced it expects a $9 billion drop in revenue for the next 2-year state budget; Iowa estimates a budget gap that could top $600 million; Minnesotarsquo;s State Budget Trends Commission said budget problems are long-term, and the state faces a $4.85 billion deficit for the coming 2-year budget; Florida is pulling from its last-resort reserves to help fill its $2.3 billion budget deficit;nbsp; Ohiorsquo;s unemployment compensation fund is out of money, and the state plans on borrowing $500 million to pay benefits in January and February; Kansas is projecting a $186 million budget deficit but estimates are that the deficit could grow to more than $1 billion by 2010; New Mexico is facing a $450 million deficit; Idahorsquo;s governor has proposed cutting $75.8 million from its public education funding to help cut its fiscal 2010 budget; Alabamarsquo;s Legislative Fiscal Office said its public schools and colleges face $1 billion in budget cuts this year and next as the state grapples with its budget shortfalls; Arizona faces a $1.6 billion shortfall in its current budget; Marylandrsquo;s governor announced that state employee layoffs are in the state budget to be submitted next week; Connecticut is working on a plan to trim its $1 billion deficit; California is running with a $41.6 billion deficit;nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The federal government has run the deficit up to a record $485.2 billion in the first three months of the current budget year. The deficit for December was $83.6 billion, contrasted with a surplus of $48.3 billion in December, 2007. The deficit for the entire 2008 year was $454.8 billion. Dan Weiss of Samp;P expects that this yearrsquo;s deficit will hit $1.6 trillion and will remain above $1 trillion next year as well.nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; And the House Democrats are stepping up the pace announcing a stimulus bill on Thursday that would amount to $825 billion in federal spending and tax cuts. 

middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta President, Dennis Lockhart: ldquo;Looking ahead, the economy is very weak, and I expect it will remain weak at least through the first quarter in late April.rdquo;nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hedge Fund Research reported that almost 700 funds, or 7% of the industry, shut down in the first three quarters of 2008 with the average hedge fund losing 18% of its value (better than the DJIA which lost 34% and the Samp;P 500 which lost 38%).nbsp;nbsp;


middot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The UN predicts zero world growth in 2009. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;
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		<title>The Gas Prices Rollercoaster: Why Energy  Infrastructure Are Inextricably Combined</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/contrarian-perspectives/the-gas-prices-rollercoaster-why-energy-infrastructure-are-inextricably-combined/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2009 20:29:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Investment U</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Gas Prices Rollercoaster: Why Energy &#38; Infrastructure Are Inextricably Combined
by David Fessler, Advisory Panelist, Investment U
Friday, January 16, 2008: Issue #917
President-elect Obama takes office in less than a week&#8217;s time. While many will be watching closely to see how he handles the ongoing financial crisis, I&#8217;ll be equally interested to see how he handles [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Will All Be Well, And End Well, In Estonia?</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/will-all-be-well-and-end-well-in-estonia/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/will-all-be-well-and-end-well-in-estonia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 15:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /Well, there doesn't seem to much room for doubt at this point does there, the Baltic Economies are in the van of the European economic slowdown for 2009, just as they were leading the charge up in 2007, and all that debate about whether we were going to get a hard landing or a soft one seems now so out of date and and old hat as we watch how Estonia's economy contracts almost faster than the body of the incredible shrinking man (by an annual 3.5% in the third quarter of 2008), while Latvia's seems to be rivalling Harry Houdini in the expert art of staged disappearance (dropping as it did by an annual 4.6% in Q3). Even Lithuania's economy - which like a half drunken man still manages to stagger forward before it finally gets to fall over - is now expected by IMF regional representative Christoph Rosenberg to be set to contract an annual 2% in 2009. As a href="http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/analytics/?doc=8577"Rosenberg so pointedly says/a "Latvia had the highest growth rate in the EU for several years, but it was a bubble."br /br /br /pa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SR1UddzuMSI/AAAAAAAALec/p4Z1cFiFgJc/s1600-h/estonia+qoq.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268460004287852834" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 184px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SR1UddzuMSI/AAAAAAAALec/p4Z1cFiFgJc/s320/estonia+qoq.png" border="0" //abr /br /br /The only slightly worrying thing about all the belated acceptance that the Baltics are going to have one of the hardest landings in the global economy this time round is the apparent collective failure to do the ritual "soul searching", and address the tricky issue of just what it was in the original analyses which lead so many to place such trust in the good intentions of the Nordic Banks and in the consequent probability of a soft landing, since the danger is now that we simply get misplaced policy piled upon well-meaning but misplaced policy in an attempt to address problems whose roots (which I am convinced are located to some extent at least in the regions rather peculiar demography) are quite simply left untackled. That is, we remain stuck on the currency pegs, we continue to count on the goodwill of the Nordic Banks, we expect wages and prices to exhibit a downward flexibility not seen, for example, a href="http://eurowatch.blogspot.com/2009/01/portugal-sustains.html"in a comparable country like Portugal/a, whilst over at Eesti Pank (the Estonian National Bank) they a href="http://www.eestipank.info/pub/en/dokumendid/publikatsioonid/seeriad/ylevaade/_2008_02/_3_208.pdf"still expect the recovery to begin in 2010/a (in rather stark contrast to the much more realistic assessment for the US economy from the Congressional Budget Office - who don't expect the US recovery to really get underway till 2012, and don't see trend growth being reached till 2015). If they were serious about seeing through the correction in terms of allowing a long and painful downward adjustment in living standards to take place as the favoured alternative to devaluation, then they would realise that this process would really only be getting itself going in 2010, let alone be over - so why, oh why, I ask myself, do people in the Baltics insist on trying to view things through such rosy tinted spectacles? The main ones hurt by all this at the end of the day are those very people we are all, I am sure, trying so hard to help. blockquoteThe Estonian economy should start to recover by 2010, according to the nation's central bank.Although Eesti Pank expects the country's gross domestic product to fall by 4.48 per cent in 2009, growth could be experienced in as little as 12 months, reports Baltic Business News./blockquotebr /strongThe Future is In Exports/strongbr /br /Basically the future outlook for the Estonian economy lies in exports. This simple point should not be so hard to grasp, since it can be easily deduced from one fundamental structural aspect of the Estonian economy: the presence of a fairly large current account deficit (which admittedly is not as large as the Latvian one, but the fact that others are even worse off is somehow cold comfort here) which now needs correcting. In fact, as we can see in the chart below, the correction has already started.br /br /br /br /pa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWipdi4p56I/AAAAAAAAMGs/tR8QaZvCLv0/s1600-h/estonia+current+account.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289664087392380834" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 202px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWipdi4p56I/AAAAAAAAMGs/tR8QaZvCLv0/s320/estonia+current+account.png" border="0" //abr /br /But what the correction means is that domestic demand will have to contract - to make space for the export oriented activity - since it has basically been the excess of domestic demand in relation to the economy's capacity to meet it which has been at the heart of the process which has produced the deficit. Effectively Estonian's need to consume less, or pay for more of what they consume by exporting, there really is no third alternative here, and the reality is that the way to "correct" the current account imbalance problem is more than likely going to be by a combination of these two paths, Estonians are going to consume less and they are going to export more, as the latest economic forecast from Eesti Pank timidly admits:/pblockquoteA new upward cycle highly depends on the reallocation of labour to sectors with stronger productivity growth...........Possibly, the new cycle will require part of the workforce currently serving domestic demand to be reallocated to export oriented sectors. Otherwise Estonia’s economy might be facing a long period of slow growth. It should also be said that in some cases a new job may entail smaller wages, although households are not really prepared for that./blockquotepI think it is possible to be a bit more specific and explicit than Eesti Pank on all of this: the new cycle strongwill /strong(certainly, definitely) require part of the workforce currently serving domestic demand to be reallocated to export oriented sectors, and in strongalmost all/strong cases a new job strongwill/strong entail smaller wages (and indeed existing jobs will have to accept wage reductions), since this is quite simply what maintaining the krona-euro peg entails - if you don't devalue, then you need to reduce wages and prices to achieve the same result. Of course, as the bank notes, "households are not really prepared for that"./ppBasically Estonia (and most other CEE economies) have been running large CA deficits due to the insufficiency of domestic savings to meet the principal lending and borrowing needs, so the first thing Estonians are going to need to do (and not for one year, or two years, for several years, I hardly see the structural position of the Estonian economy being better than the US one at this point, so we are talking about a correction which can run all the way through to 2015, and while we may have some sort of idea what US trend growth may be in 2015 - the famous 2% - we have no idea at all what trend growth could be in Estonia at that point, but certainly a lower than many imagine)./ppAnother reason Estonians need to save can be seen in the chart blow, and that is the divergence between the evolution of the trade balance (which is improving) and the income balance, which continues to deteriorate. Basically the income balance reflects the difference in interest paid on loans (and dividends paid on equities) between outsiders investing in Estonia, and Estonians investing externally. This balance is deteriorating, and this steady deterioration needs to be arrested, since otherwise the achievement of a simple goods and services trade surplus will be of no avail, if all the proceeds are simply sucked out in a negative income stream.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWj-lv8g3fI/AAAAAAAAMHE/Lq3sL72Qe4o/s1600-h/estonia+BoP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289757686825541106" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWj-lv8g3fI/AAAAAAAAMHE/Lq3sL72Qe4o/s320/estonia+BoP.png" border="0" //abr /This ongoing correction in the CA deficit is, of course, easily visible in household consumption, which is now year on year negative (see chart), where it will remain as far ahead as the eye can see (this is a simple deduction which comes from the need to save)./ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWimTdLD9lI/AAAAAAAAMGk/8oYxsNt6yNs/s1600-h/estonai+household+consumption.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289660615525398098" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 170px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWimTdLD9lI/AAAAAAAAMGk/8oYxsNt6yNs/s320/estonai+household+consumption.png" border="0" //aAt the same time the trade balance is going to have to be turned round, and exports begin to take a leading role, something that they were conspicuously unable to do for many, many quarters, although there is a little evidence from Q3 2008 that the position may have begun to improve. However, as Eesti Panki themselves note, with the worsening external environment this improvement is going to be hard to maintain in the short term. /ppbr //ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWimDfQ7hwI/AAAAAAAAMGc/WF37eREsM1k/s1600-h/estonia+exports.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289660341208975106" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 172px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWimDfQ7hwI/AAAAAAAAMGc/WF37eREsM1k/s320/estonia+exports.png" border="0" //a But I really do think it is important not to fall into fatalism on the export question at this point. Simply because doing anything is hard is not a good reason for sitting there with folded arms and doing nothing. The first step towards recovery will come not from the exports themselves, but from the fixed capital investment (machinery, plant and equipment) which will be undertaken in order to make exports subsequently possible. But to attract the FDI you need to get relative wages and prices competitive, you need to convince would be investors that you are a better destination than your rivals. Sorry, but capitalism is just like that, this is how it runs, and you can't take one part (the bit you like), and ignore the other (the bit you definitely don't like). There is, for better or for worse, a competitive process at the heart of all our economies, and not every situation can be straightforwardly win-win (would that!). So basically, if there do have to be winners and losers here, are you happy for your country and your economy to stay in the second group, and wait and see if eventually a rising tide can lift all boats./ppAt the present time, as we can see in the chart below, Estonian fixed capital formation is also running at a pretty constant year on year negative, and this is the part Estonia needs to turn round, since without this turnaround the economy will simply not get that productivity boost which again almost everyone agrees forms part of the solution recipe./ppbr //ppa href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWil3I7ShoI/AAAAAAAAMGU/DoAImM3JpfY/s1600-h/estonia+GFCF.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289660129054197378" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 171px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWil3I7ShoI/AAAAAAAAMGU/DoAImM3JpfY/s320/estonia+GFCF.png" border="0" //a So with private consumption falling and investment falling, it isn't hard to understand that even the small increase in govenment spending that Estonia can permit itself is insufficient to stop total domestic demand from falling./ppbr //ppa href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWiloqjY6OI/AAAAAAAAMGM/T7oOFZUC-LQ/s1600-h/estonia+total+domestic+demand.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289659880382720226" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 184px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWiloqjY6OI/AAAAAAAAMGM/T7oOFZUC-LQ/s320/estonia+total+domestic+demand.png" border="0" //abr //ppstrongIndustrial Output Plummets In November/strong/ppbr /All of this "macro" level data is of course also reflected in the day-to-day data releases we are seeing, and as might only be expected Estonia’s industrial production fell the most in at least 14 years in November. Output fell 21.7 percent, the most since at least 1995 when the Tallinn-based statistics office started compiling data in this series. This compared with a revised 11.7 percent drop in October. /pa href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeCY_VktFI/AAAAAAAAMFc/Jh1e1T97RPY/s1600-h/estonai+output+year+on+year.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289339653200327762" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 187px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeCY_VktFI/AAAAAAAAMFc/Jh1e1T97RPY/s320/estonai+output+year+on+year.png" border="0" //abr /br /blockquote“The real crisis in its real extent is starting to arrive,” according to Rutabr /Eier, an economist with SEB AB in Tallinn. “The slump in demand has beenbr /enormous and is continuing. Such a big fall probably means that export ordersbr /also declined a lot.” Gross domestic product will decline “significantly more”br /than the 3.5 percent fall in the third quarter. /blockquotepbr /Output adjusted for working days was down by an annual 17.7 percent, while manufacturing industry, which is the second-biggest contributor to GDP (second only to the property sector and construction industry) fell a working-day adjusted 25.5 percent, led by a 40 percent fall in the output of building materials and a 30 percent decline in textiles’ production.br /br /Forty-nine percent of Estonias industrial companies said they are planning job cuts in the next three months, according to a recent survey by the Eesti Konjunktuuriinstituut research institute. Company order books were down to 3.4 months of future output in December compared with historic average of 5 months. Capacity usage was down to 67 percent, compared with an 81 percent-average for the European Union as a whole. As we can see in the chart below, it isn't only the year on year readings in recent months which indicate deterioration, the output index peaked around the start of 2008, and is now heading sharply down even below the levels of early 2006.br /br /br //ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeCh_L6hJI/AAAAAAAAMFk/dfmruG943eY/s1600-h/estonia+ip+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289339807778636946" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 187px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeCh_L6hJI/AAAAAAAAMFk/dfmruG943eY/s320/estonia+ip+index.png" border="0" //abr /br /Companies like seatbelt manufacturer the Swedish subsidiary AS Norma (who have announced plans to cut 52 jobs, or about 6 percent of the workforce) or Dutch office equipment manufacturer Atlanta Office Products BV, a Dutch office supplies maker (who planto close their factory in Kohila, northern Estonia, with the loss of more than 200 jobs) are steadily reducing jobs, possibly the numbers seem small, but do remember strongEstonia really is/strong a small open economy.br /br /As a result Estonia’s seasonally adjusted unemployment rate rose to 8.3 percent in November from 4.1 percent a year ago, the second- biggest jump in the EU following Spain, according to the latest data release from the EU statistics office, Eurostat. The unemployment rate may rise to 10 percent by next year, according to a worst-case scenario proposed by The Estonian Finance Ministry in November, but it now seem that even that level may now be a significant underestimate, although it really does depend on whether we are referring to the unemployment rate as measured by the Estonia Labour Board methodology or the one the Estonian statistics office supply to Eurostat using the EU harmonised methodology (the Estonian Labour Board number is significantly lower).br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWnNjdixKEI/AAAAAAAAMHM/Ed1oPP8OB5w/s1600-h/estonai+unemployment+rate.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289985246432929858" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 175px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWnNjdixKEI/AAAAAAAAMHM/Ed1oPP8OB5w/s320/estonai+unemployment+rate.png" border="0" //abr /br /br /strongInflation Falling/strongbr /br /At the same time Estonia’s inflation rate is falling (if still far to slowly) and hit its lowest level in 16 months in December - 7 percent, the lowest since August 2007 down from 8 percent in November.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeGE2yWpfI/AAAAAAAAMF0/_UW3UDYGTGw/s1600-h/estonia+cpi+yoy.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289343705354249714" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 202px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeGE2yWpfI/AAAAAAAAMF0/_UW3UDYGTGw/s320/estonia+cpi+yoy.png" border="0" //abr /br /So inflation is falling quite fast and is likely to significantly undershoot the central bank forecast of 3.7 percent in 2009. In fact prices fell on the month by 0.2 percent from November. This was largely the result of a sharp fall in fuel prices - down 8.1 percent from the previous month - but food (up 0.5 percent) and administered prices still continue to rise. However, as we can see in the chart below, the general index has now been more or less stable since the summer.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeFq7HiTwI/AAAAAAAAMFs/VcxAc9TKwSo/s1600-h/estonia+cpi.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289343259840237314" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWeFq7HiTwI/AAAAAAAAMFs/VcxAc9TKwSo/s320/estonia+cpi.png" border="0" //abr /strongRetail Sales Also Falling Sharplybr //strongbr /Estonian retail sales also posted a record decline in November - dropping by an annual 9 percent (the most since the start of the present time series in 1994, following a revised 7 percent drop in October. This drop includes an annual fall in car sales of nearly 50%, while the value of food sales is already falling in prices not adjusted for inflation.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWITUF543aI/AAAAAAAAL_k/RwlIL0R_OsM/s1600-h/estonia+retail+yoy.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287810148389674402" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 201px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWITUF543aI/AAAAAAAAL_k/RwlIL0R_OsM/s320/estonia+retail+yoy.png" border="0" //abr /The constant price sales index also peaked at the start of 2008, and it will be a very very long time before we see domestic retail sales hitting this sort of level again, which is another good reason why employment needs to be steadily displaced out of the domestic sector and into the export one.br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWISa0UioTI/AAAAAAAAL_c/RNfafvbP68Q/s1600-h/estonia+retail+sales+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287809164417081650" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWISa0UioTI/AAAAAAAAL_c/RNfafvbP68Q/s320/estonia+retail+sales+index.png" border="0" //abr /br /br /strongExports Still Holding Up In Octoberbr //strong/ppAccording to the latest data we have from Statistics Estonia, October goods exports were up by 13% year on year while imports declined by 3%. Goods to the value of 13.2 billion kroons were exported, 1.5 billion kroons more than in October 2007 - however the growth in exports was largely caused by the increase in the re-exports of fuels - up by nearly one billion kroons.br //ppImported were down to 15.7 billion kroons - 0.4 billion kroons less than in October 2007. The decline was the result of a decrease in domestic demand with the biggest falls being in the transport equipment and in machinery and equipment sections. As a result of the increase in exports and the decrease in imports the Estonian foreign trade deficit fell to 2.5 billion kroons - 1.9 billion kroons less than in October 2007. If we take account of the increase in re-exports it is evident that the reduction in imports for the domestic market was much sharper than the aggregate 3%.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIWXtBWkgI/AAAAAAAAL_s/NJtEvyeZ4gM/s1600-h/estonia+exports.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287813508964454914" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 167px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIWXtBWkgI/AAAAAAAAL_s/NJtEvyeZ4gM/s320/estonia+exports.png" border="0" //abr /br /br /63% of October exports went to the EU and 17% to CIS countries accounted for 17% of the total exports. The main destination countries were Finland, Russia and Sweden.br /br /br /br /strongThe Outlook On The IMF View/strongbr /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWfT0bdRQRI/AAAAAAAAMGE/W0VEc7-rGDQ/s1600-h/estonia+confidence+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289429185047118098" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 188px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWfT0bdRQRI/AAAAAAAAMGE/W0VEc7-rGDQ/s320/estonia+confidence+index.png" border="0" //abr /br //pblockquote"The major policy challenge is the budget. The 2009 budget incorporates a welcome adjustment that required difficult decisions. However, given the deteriorating global outlook, our assessment is that the deficit will likely exceed 3 percent of GDP in 2009 and beyond. This does not present a near-term financing risk given the prudent accumulation of fiscal reserves via surpluses in recent years. But the current fiscal posture is not sustainable going forward. Moreover, it risks breaching the Maastricht fiscal threshold just when inflation is receding. This could delay euro entry, which the authorities rightly consider to be their highest priority. What is needed now is early action to achieve fiscal consolidation.br /IMF Staff Mission Statement, December 2008/blockquotepThis is the IMF conclusion as to the short term outlook for Estonia, and the view was confirmed only last week by IMF representative Christophe Rosenberg who said a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchiveamp;sid=aWeB6GSOFbBM"in a Bloomberg interview/a last week that “Estonia is the least vulnerable of the Baltics because it has big buffers, it’s been running a budget surplus for a number of years now and so there are fiscal assets.” /ppThis view is not entirely confirmed by the latest EU economic sentiment index reading (see chart above) which shows Lithuania still in an apparently better position than Latvia or Estonia, but Christoph's reasoning here is based on his assessment that Lithuania’s economy is about to “decline sharply” and I am hardly in any position to dispute his view here (nor would I wish to, I simply have not been following Lithuania closely enough). In fact the IMF forecasts that Lithuania's economy may well contract by “at least” 2 percent in 2009, even though Lithuania's central bank’s suggested an expansion of 1.2 percent in their October outlook. But on the one had we all know that the economic outlook in the CEE economies has deteriorated significantly since October - as domestic demand has waned and banks have tightened lending - while "at least" means simply that, the number could well be a lot worse. /pblockquote“Lithuania is in a more difficult position as GDP growth is predicted to declinebr /sharply this year and this may create fiscal problems,” Rosenberg said in anbr /interview conducted on Tuesday in Warsaw. /blockquotepWhat the IMF is referring to basically is the fiscal reserve which Estonia has, there is no accumumulated national debt, and indeed the government as net assets to the tune of something like 5% of GDP, so there is a certain leeway to use this money to soften the impact of the correction, although it is important that the country's savings are spent on facilitating the necessary correction and not on postponing it./ppAs Christoph Rosenberg points out the Baltic problems were created by a soaring wages and a credit boom which saw funds channeled into non-tradable sectors like real estate, retail and banking. As a result these economies became structurally distorted and they didn't diversify enough since insufficient was done to curtail rapid credit growth and to use counter-cyclical fiscal policies to cool the economy off before it was much too late. The danger is that if in the downturn we get the same inability to translate sound economic sense into practical economic policy that we saw during the upcycle, then problems can become worse, a lot worse, without getting any better. That is Estonia's challenge, and if it isn't grasped fully and with both hands then it can just as easily turn into Estonia's tragedy. 12 years from now (ie come 2020) Estonia's population will be much older, and the elderly dependency ratio will be much higher, than it is now. It is also to be imagined that the potential annual GDP growth rate will be comparatively lower, even as the needs for social spending rise and rise. So while Estonia still has a window of opportunity, it is not an indefinite one, and once it closes it won't come back. I think Estonia's citizens would do well to dwell on this point./p]]></description>
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		<title>Portugal Sustains</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/portugal-sustains/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991369883287712098.post-265922799093644915</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpdPgifAyI/AAAAAAAAMH8/DqVtbiglSyI/s1600-h/oliveira.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290143233314063138" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 192px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 142px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpdPgifAyI/AAAAAAAAMH8/DqVtbiglSyI/s320/oliveira.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /"Art has a function of teaching about the human condition. We live in hope, hope is fundamental" - Manoel de Oliveirabr /br /br /br /br /pppbr /br //pp/ppbr /br /br /Manoel de Oliveira (photo and quote above) is a living example for the Potuguese people of how to force their way out of the low growth/low per capita income trap into which they have steadily stuck their neck. Oliveira celebrated his 70th last December - and how did he celebrate it: by starting work on a new film. Traditional productivity theory suggests most people slow down with age, but Oliveira seems to have done just the opposite - and since 1990, he has made at least one film a year. His secret for longevity, work much and rest little (oh yes, and also remember that living in hope is fundamental, it's funny, but my father who lived to be 84 and worked to 80 gave me the same sort of message). Indeed far from implementing a 35 hour week he seems to only stop on Saturdays - "This is the only day of the week that I rest," he told journalists back in December when he interrupted shooting on his latest film to give them a rare press conference. So in a country where the average age of leaving the labour force is currently 63, and where raising employment participation rates is a national priority, what better example of a "local hero" than Manoel. What follows will be an attempt to reveal just what it was he was so meticulously trying to capture with his camera in the photo above. Just call me an inveterate "peeping tom", lookout Portugal all is now going to be revealed!br /br /br /strongBut Some Reasons Why We Are A Little Short On Hope Right Nowbr //strong/ppa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWnb2CO7Q_I/AAAAAAAAMHU/qCpjm59qg3c/s1600-h/portugal+sentimen+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290000958682252274" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 190px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWnb2CO7Q_I/AAAAAAAAMHU/qCpjm59qg3c/s320/portugal+sentimen+index.png" border="0" //abr /Portugal, it seems lives in perpetual hope, hope for that sustained and substantial recovery which always, somehow and disappointingly, lies waiting for it just around that next corner but never actually appears. Equally Portugal is not in recession, at least not yet it isn't, although if we look at the most recent movements in the EU economic sentiment indicator, the Portuguese economy could hardly be said to be passing through one of its best moments. The thing is, since the turn of the century it has been hard for anyone to identify one of those "better moments" in the Portuguese case, or to offer some empirical justification for that evident existential need we all have to eternally live in hope./ppHaving said this, Portugal could also hardly be said to be riding the wave of a boom-bust trajectory (like its Iberian counterpart and neighbour), since if you never got the boom in the first place, well you obviously aren't going to get the bust part either. So it should not surprise us to find that after contracting slightly during the first quarter of 2008, the Portuguese economy has continued to move forward, and was even continuing to "sustain" a 0.7% year on year growth in Q3 2008. Hardly spectacular, but then (as we shall see) Portuguese growth has hardly been spectacular in recent years, but equally far from being a "worst case scenario". /ppBut then, as we know, everything that lives was born to die, and so it will be even with Portugal's current (lacklustre) expansion, with the Portuguese economy seemingly set to contract this year for the first time since 2003 as its main export markets weaken and Portuguese consumers rein in their spending. Portugal's central bank now expect the economy to shrink by 0.8 percent in 2009 - a downward revision from its July forecast for a 1.3 percent expansion. Also according to the bank, the country’s economy probably grew 0.3 percent last year, a prognosis which seems reasonably realistic following Prime Minister Jose Socrates recent admission that the economy shrank 0.1 percent in the third quarter. So even while Portugal sustains, resistance, this year at least, would seem to be futile./ppa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWphWzBWASI/AAAAAAAAMIE/UtKs6MPHq_g/s1600-h/portugal+GDP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290147756580929826" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 182px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWphWzBWASI/AAAAAAAAMIE/UtKs6MPHq_g/s320/portugal+GDP.png" border="0" //abr /strongThe Short Terms Dials All Move Over To Red/strongbr /br /All the main short term indicators (industrial output, retail sales, employment etc) showed significant weakening in the second half of 2008 (industrial output, in particular, really went west in the second half - and together with manufacturing industry, construction activity was down, although it is important to note that in Portugal's case construction was never really "up" - or at least in recent years it wasn't as we will see below). Industrial output was down 2.9% in October over October 2007, and contracted on a year on year basis in each of the five previous months (see chart below). Retail sales were down 1.6 % year on year in November and by 1.4% from October (seasonally adjusted).br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpLSwsRqEI/AAAAAAAAMHs/vmfZ3zFysWE/s1600-h/portugal+industrial+output.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290123497980405826" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 183px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpLSwsRqEI/AAAAAAAAMHs/vmfZ3zFysWE/s320/portugal+industrial+output.png" border="0" //abr /br /As just one indicator of the way demand for some Portuguese products is waning at this point, the three European countries most affected by the heavy-truck sales plunge are Spain, Portugal and Germany, with respective declines of 58 percent, 40 percent and 34 percent registered in November. As in other countries the automotive sector is being particularly hard hit, and the government announced a 200 million euro credit line for auto and car parts exporters back in December. The package, agreed between the government and companies including Volkswagen and Peugeot Citroen includes 70 million euros for training courses for some 10,000 employees - the Portuguese association of auto industry producers has estimated that the downturn in car sales will lead to 12,000 job losses during the first half of 2009. Economy Minister Manuel Pinho has stated that, including trade credit insurance of 300 million euros and the potential investments that the incentives should generate, the total value of the government plan is likely to be in the region of 900 million euros - not a lot of money in terms of the sort of programmes being seen in countries like the United States, but for a small, comparatively poor country like Portugal, with a government debt problem to think about, hardly insignificant.br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpaHROLKBI/AAAAAAAAMH0/GtriSnpivYY/s1600-h/portugal+retail+sales.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290139793228507154" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 182px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpaHROLKBI/AAAAAAAAMH0/GtriSnpivYY/s320/portugal+retail+sales.png" border="0" //a /ppstrong/strongstrongEver Weakening Trend Growth?br //strongbr /As the big wheel of global events follows its charted course, Portugal can at least be thankful for small mercies, since the country is not suffering under the added burden of a housing crash (it is not an Ireland, or a Spain, or the UK, or even, dare I say it, Denmark), for the very simple and straightforward reason that it never had a housing boom in the first place (or better but, since the late 1990s it hasn't had one, and one of the purposes of this article will be to examine just why that is). Portugal's problems are, unfortunately, more long term and more endemic, strikingly similar in many ways to those of Italy. So we should beware of making a simplistic generalisation and talking about a North-South divide in the eurozone. The economic profile of Portugal (or Italy) is really rather different from that of Spain (or Greece), in much the same way that France's economy is essentially very different from Germany's (of course, Sir Roy Harrod will probably be turning over in his grave at this point, with the thought of what this might imply for the theory of "convergence", but for now we might perhaps leave him in his tomb to timelessly struggle with this rather thankless labour and move on, since before jumping to too many overhasty generalisations it may be worth first examining in detail the actual dynamics of a number of the individual eurozone economies). /ppThe nice thing about empirically grounded sciences is the freedom they give their practitions to follow (or chase after) the "facts", without the pressure of being compelled a-priori to reach premature conclusions, regardless of whether or not it is considered to be politically - or incorrect - so to do (hence Ben Bernanke's multiple references in "a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/200402262/default.htm"The Euro At Five/a" to the eurozone as a great experiment, a "natural experiment in monetary economics"). We economists have to learn to live with the experimental nature of our science, even if the "rats in the maze" may get somewhat frustrated with our efforts at times./pp/ppNow if we look at the chart below we can see that if quarterly growth in Portugal is sluggish, this sluggishness has in fact been operative over quite a long period of time. /ppa href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGstvxpQu1I/AAAAAAAAGbQ/l_pjs87bzbE/s1600-h/Portugal+Qoq+GDP.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218314892042353490" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGstvxpQu1I/AAAAAAAAGbQ/l_pjs87bzbE/s320/Portugal+Qoq+GDP.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /In fact since Q1 2000 Portugal has had 2 recessions (when defined as two successive quarters of negative growth): in Q3/Q4 2002, and Q3/Q4 2004. There have also been 7 more quarters where growth has been negative: Q2 2000, Q1 2001, Q2 2003, Q3 2005, Q3 2007, Q1 and Q3 2008. That is out of a total of 30 quarters, the Portuguese economy has contracted in 11, or around 30% and the average GDP growth rate has been 0.37% per quarter or 1.48% per annum. For a country whose per capita income is the lowest in the EU15, and which is badly in need of "catch up" growth this is hardly a happy situation, and beyond the national administration should be giving food for thought for those resposible for economic policy across the Eurozone, and also among those among the EU10 who have recently joined, or are set to join, the common currency area. /ppstrongbr //strongbr /Even more worryingly, Portuguese growth seems to have gone through three phases since the early 1980s, with each "wave" being weaker, and indeed during the years since entering the eurozone Portugal seems to have gotten absolutely no "boost" whatsoever.br /br //pa href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGssjEC-oGI/AAAAAAAAGbI/TduwDWCw8Mk/s1600-h/portugal+GDP.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218313574132129890" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGssjEC-oGI/AAAAAAAAGbI/TduwDWCw8Mk/s320/portugal+GDP.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /strongNo Housing Crash Or Pile Of Toxic Debt In Portugal/strongbr /br /br /So what could explain this evidently "sub-par" performance? Well, during the years of ERM participation (the precursor of the euro) Portugal's nominal interest rates dropped from 16% in 1992 to the 4% eurozone entry rate at the start of 2001 - while real interest rates dropped from 6% to zero - so the problem doesn't appear to be - prima facie - what you could call an overly tight monetary regime: post euro-creation ECB interest rate policy has been largely accommodative to Portugal, and in particular interest rates were, by and large, negative during the entire period between the end of 2001 and the end of 2006. Yet, economic activity remained sluggish throughout this period, and even the construction sector showed little sign of life.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHkLWsvBYbI/AAAAAAAAGsA/rrpeh9jzPL0/s1600-h/portugal+ECB.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5222217727506211250" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHkLWsvBYbI/AAAAAAAAGsA/rrpeh9jzPL0/s320/portugal+ECB.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /In fact the last house price spike Portugal had was in the years 1998/99, and during most of the years since Portugal joined the euro (as can be seen in the chart below) house prices have in fact been falling.br /br /(Please click on image for better viewing)br /br /a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG99oSCfuAI/AAAAAAAAGhI/Rsbvllqpyyo/s1600-h/portugues+House+Prices.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219528624136239106" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG99oSCfuAI/AAAAAAAAGhI/Rsbvllqpyyo/s320/portugues+House+Prices.jpg" border="0" //aAnd if we look at the construction output charts, during all of 2006 and throughout the first half of 2007 the Portuguese construction industry seems to have been in something of a deep slump.br /br /br /br /pa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpoyO7hzaI/AAAAAAAAMIU/1G2njOyBPhM/s1600-h/portugal+construction+y-o-y.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290155924510592418" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 183px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpoyO7hzaI/AAAAAAAAMIU/1G2njOyBPhM/s320/portugal+construction+y-o-y.png" border="0" //a/ppEven more preoccupyingly, Portugal's construction industry seems to have past its historic peak in 2000, with the output index declining steadily ever since.br /br //pa href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpotXudM_I/AAAAAAAAMIM/ptpjkHkirEo/s1600-h/portugal+construction+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290155840972338162" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 186px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWpotXudM_I/AAAAAAAAMIM/ptpjkHkirEo/s320/portugal+construction+index.png" border="0" //abr /While the banking system may not be the most splendid of health (remember there is that little issue of the current account deficit to finance), it has not taken any kind of "full frontal" hit from the global financial turmoil - having little exposure to US sub-prime type debt, and no large pile of housing loan defaults set - Spansih style - to arrive and spoil the party. So Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates may well have been right when he reiterated recently his government's view that no major Portuguese banks are likely to fail.br /br /However, since the global financial crisis hit major U.S. and European banks last October, the Portuguese government has reacted by offering state guarantees of up to 20 billion euros on bank loans and 4 billion euros in capital for local banks. Portugal's top banks - Millennium BCP, Banco Espirito Santo and Banco BPI - all seem to weathered the crisis relatively well so far. The government has had to nationalize the small private bank Banco Portugues de Negocios (BCN) while a consortium of larger banks have been invovled in rescuing Banco Privado Portugues (BPP), but the financial problems here preceded the current global financial crisis and seem to have been merely exacerbated by the credit crunch.br /br /The 2009 prospects for Portugal's construction sector seem pretty bleak for 2009 - after the sector probably failed to expand in 2008, following six previous years of decline. Manuel Reis Campos, president of the Portuguese Federation of Construction Industry and Public Works (FEPICOP), expects turnover to be around 20 billion euros in 2008, a similar number to 2007.br /br /blockquote"At the start of the year we were saying the sector was going to grow 2.5br /percent and what happened is that we have lost another year," Reis Campos toldbr /Reuters. "The overall sector progress is going to stagnate in 2008," he said.br /"The situation is so bad and the employment issue so serious that any (2009)br /forecasts have to be very cautious." /blockquotebr /br /Campos said the industry has been in decline since 2002 "and it's not a result of the current international situation". He expects the situation to improve in 2009 on the back of government infrastructural project (see below) but his outlook for residential construction is for yet another decline - possibly by between 3 percent and 5 percent. Residential construction has the heaviest weighting in the construction sector (38 percent) and the industry accounts for 5.6 percent of gross domestic product employing 11 percent of the workforce (560,000 jobs).br /br /strongReal Effective Exchange Rate/strongbr /br /br /One explanation which is often offered when people come to look at Portugal concerns what has been happening to what is called the Real Effective Exchange Rate. Now the Real Effective Exchange Rate (or REER) of a country is an instrument which can be used to assess price or cost competitiveness relative to the position of the country's principal competitors. The REER is an instrument which is widely favoured by economists since competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. Eurostat offers us one such measure of REER, and the REER used in the construction of the Eurostat Indicator has been deflated by nominal unit labour costs (for each economy as a whole) against a panel of 36 countries (EU27 + Australia, Canada, United States, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Mexico, Switzerland, and Turkey). A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness (taking into account productivity changes via the movement in comparative unit costs), and as we can see in the chart below, Portugal has substantially lost competitiveness against Germany since 1995. Were a convergence in living standards taking place between Portugal and Germany via a more effective use of a pre-existing labour force, or a boost in productivity achieved through a shift across productive sectors (eg away from agriculture and into knowledge economy products) the we would not expect to see this pattern, since any increase in living standards would be accompanied by a maintenance in the competitive position. (This point, in Portugal's case, is unfortunately highly theoretical, since as we will see below, convergence in living standards is not in fact taking place. That is, Portugal really is stuck).br /br /In fact I have been a little naughty here, since I have also included Spain in the comparison. I have done this since the argument that Portugal has lost competitiveness against Germany is fine as far as it goes, but as an explanation for why Portugal's growth has stagnated post 2000 it is clearly insufficient, since growth in Spain - at least up to 2007 - has been rather stellar, so the question should really not be why is Portugal so different from Germany, but why is Portugal so different from Spain (as I said above, we shouldn't be dividing Europe simply along a north south axis, and that the differences within regions (like also the Germany-Spain one) are also interesting and very, very revealing.br /br /br /pa href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SIzXfM-TtzI/AAAAAAAAG7w/8V3ww2r8kLw/s1600-h/portugal+reer.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5227790198528784178" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SIzXfM-TtzI/AAAAAAAAG7w/8V3ww2r8kLw/s320/portugal+reer.jpg" border="0" //a /ppNow basically it seems to me that you can say either one of two things, but not both of them at the same time. Either Portugal should have had the same growth as Spain (all other things being equal), or Spain should have had as little growth as Portugal did. In reality the likelihood is that both countries have had their growth paths rather skewed (in opposite directions) by participation in monetary union, but going further along this path at this point would take us well beyond the matter in hand.br /br /So what we have here is a very strange state of affairs indeed, and it should lead us to ask ourselves just what it is than has been going on in Portugal over all this time? In addition, and as can be seen below, Portugal's relative GDP per capita (vis a vis the EU27) has declined steadily since euro membership, after reaching a high point in 1999.br /br //pa href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHkcU1oznuI/AAAAAAAAGsI/Nw6o5eiRrJY/s1600-h/portugal+gdp+per+capita.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5222236387233996514" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHkcU1oznuI/AAAAAAAAGsI/Nw6o5eiRrJY/s320/portugal+gdp+per+capita.jpg" border="0" //abr /strongSo What Is The Root Of The Problem?/strongbr /br /Just what has been going on all this time in Portugal then? Perhaps the most systematic piece of work to date is a paper written by MIT Professor and Current IMF Research Director Olivier Blanchard - a href="http://econ-www.mit.edu/files/740"Adjustment within the euro. The difficult case of Portuga/al. Blanchard's argument, which is certainly the most coherent "mainstream narrative" we have at this point - and I hope I am not simplifying his argument excessively - would seem to run as follows:br /br /br /pIn the first place Blanchard divides Portuguese growth into two periods. During the first of these - running roughly from 1995 to 2001 - Portugal experienced reasonably healthy GDP growth, a steady decrease in unemployment, all acompanied by a rapidly growing current account deficit. During the second period, roughly since 2001, there has been continuously weak economic growth, a steady increase in unemployment, while the current account deficit has remained stubbornly high, and even (since his paper was written) increased.br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtLoE3gygI/AAAAAAAAMIc/Iki48rjZz_M/s1600-h/portugal+ca+deficit.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290405339150207490" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtLoE3gygI/AAAAAAAAMIc/Iki48rjZz_M/s320/portugal+ca+deficit.png" border="0" //abr /br /Blanchard argues that the proximate cause of Portugal's mid 1990s boom was participation in the ERM and in the build up to the euro (the longer term cause would, I feel, be some yet to be identified underlying structural transformation that was going on, trying to get to grips with this is the point of this article). This participation combined with expectations that participation in the euro would lead to faster convergence and thus faster growth for Portugal, lead to an increase in both consumption and investment. But, of course, as we have seen, this convergence did not take place, nor does it appear likely to do so.br /br /br /During this phase Portugal's budget deficit decreased slightly, although discretionary fiscal policy was generally expansionary. Blanchard makes the point that between 1995 and 2001 the cyclically adjusted primary deficit (adjusted for the effects of lower interest rates and output growth) increased by roughly 4%. This choice of dates does seem to me however to be rather tendentious, since - as we can see from the chart below - the main increases in the deficit came after 1999, and in that sense are not really part of the period that should most concern us, which is the one immediately prior to the domestic consumption and construction fixed investment blow out. One possibility here would have be that the budget deficit simply "crowded out" private activity, and placed an excessive burden on an already overstrained capacity. But if we come to look closely at the timing of things, this argument may be harder to sustain than seems at first sight (and indeed government spending as a percentage of GDP only really started to rise sharply after 1999 - see chart further down the post - and thus post dates the contraction in private consumption).br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9vyWS0ELI/AAAAAAAAGhA/kQQXRrVSgAc/s1600-h/portugal+fiscal+deficit.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219513403914326194" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9vyWS0ELI/AAAAAAAAGhA/kQQXRrVSgAc/s320/portugal+fiscal+deficit.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /The fiscal deficit was in fact reducing from 1994 to 1999, and only started to rise again after 1999. On the other hand, if we look at private consumption growth, we find a rather different pattern, since private consumption growth peaked in Q1 1999, and then dropped back steadily all the way through to Q2 2001, at just the time the fiscal deficit was increasing.br /br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG1CRv2xrXI/AAAAAAAAGeA/Kqk3JqnXJNE/s1600-h/portugal+private+consumption+2.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218900415863696754" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG1CRv2xrXI/AAAAAAAAGeA/Kqk3JqnXJNE/s320/portugal+private+consumption+2.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /So the increase in government spending can be thought of as a knock-on consequence of the decline in private consumption growth and not the other way round. It was simply due to the automatic stabilisers coming into action. So the big question is why, in the Portuguese case, the construction and consumption boom came to an end when it did, while it continued and even accelerated in Spain and Greece, rather than why the fiscal deficit started to increase.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG0yoClr_jI/AAAAAAAAGdo/JlZ49KRJTvc/s1600-h/portugal+Govt+Expenditure.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218883206663372338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG0yoClr_jI/AAAAAAAAGdo/JlZ49KRJTvc/s320/portugal+Govt+Expenditure.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /pThe drop in unemployment which accompanied the initial boom lead to significant labour market tightening, and this tightening - coupled with rising EU convergence expectations and talk of Harrod-Balassa effects and suchlike - produced a situation where wages increased rapidly in comparison with other EU countries. Again we should note the similarity between what happened in Portugal and what has been happening over the last two or three years in Eastern Europe, where certainly the comination of sharp decreases in unemployment and strong euro area membership expectations has acted like putting a lighted match to a tinderbox./ppTo take just one example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986 workers without college education earned only 50% of corresponding French wages in PPP terms, while college graduates earned 72%. By 1994 unskilled and skilled wages had risen to 67% and 93% of French wages respectively. In addition, nominal wage growth was significantly higher than labour productivity growth, leading unit labor costs to rise at a substantially faster rate than the euro area average. Hence Portugal's competitiveness deteriorated, as did its goods trade deficit.br /br //pa href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9WS9ror8I/AAAAAAAAGgI/xX1AXwWqW30/s1600-h/portugal+goods+trade.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219485376940912578" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9WS9ror8I/AAAAAAAAGgI/xX1AXwWqW30/s320/portugal+goods+trade.jpg" border="0" //abr /Blanchard takes the view that unemployment at the start of the first period was above what he terms "the natural rate" - since, he argues, while an unemployment rate of 7.3% (1996) is not especially high by EU standards, it was high in terms of what Portugal had become accustomed to by the early 1990s. Thus he considers that capacity existed for some growth in excess of "normal" was not problematic. By the end of the 1990s - so the argument goes - unemployment had become lower than the "natural rate" and non-inflationary "catch-up" growth started to become problematic - again it would be interesting to make a comparison with what just happened in Eastern Europe in this context.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG-ROCOlvyI/AAAAAAAAGig/FbYqZ_q7xT4/s1600-h/portugal+unemployment+rate.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219550163447955234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG-ROCOlvyI/AAAAAAAAGig/FbYqZ_q7xT4/s320/portugal+unemployment+rate.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /Blanchard also takes the view (and I thoroughly concur) that some degree of current account deficit was clearly justifed in Portugal in the mid 1990s (since if everyone runs a suplus the whole global system cannot work), given that the arrival of both a lower real interest rate together and expectations for faster "catch-up" growth is likely to stimulate higher private spending, be this from private consumption or be it from investment. The real real issue is that this boom, in theory at least, should lead to a structural transition to higher productivity and higher value added activities, and the issue in Portugal's case is that the needed and anticipated higher labor productivity growth simply did not materialize. Instead, productivity growth nearly vanished, averaging 0.2% per year from 2001 to 2005.br /br /a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG-Mb95rC4I/AAAAAAAAGhQ/89k3Jk-olwo/s1600-h/portugal+OECD.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219544905246509954" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG-Mb95rC4I/AAAAAAAAGhQ/89k3Jk-olwo/s320/portugal+OECD.jpg" border="0" //abr /The end result was that the investment boom came to an end as household spending effectively stalled due to the high levels of household debt which were accumulating and the deterioration in future prospects which was taking place (can anyone else smell the Baltics here??). So private consumtion growth stalled and household saving increased. pThe end consequence has been that, in an environment where increasing exports to drive GDP growth became very difficult due to the absence of an independent currency and monetary policy and a lack of price competitiveness, the slower rate of consumption growth and the consequent weak investment demand have led to an enduring output slump, while Portugal's unemployment rate has now returned to its former higher level (7.9%) and the current account deficit has steadily increased, reaching 9.4% of GDP in 2007.br /br /br //ppstrongSpain, Portugal and...... Hungary/strong/pstrongpbr //strong/pSeveral commentators have drawn attention to the similarities which may be discovered by scrutinising Portugal in the context of recent events in the East of Europe (see a href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/vc/2008/022008.htm"this example from Christoph Rosenberg/a), and I would like to take this opportunity to draw attention to the remarkable common points I have been finding between what happened in Portugal in the 1990s and a href="http://hungaryeconomywatch.blogspot.com/2008/12/hungarys-central-bank-cuts-05-as.html"what has been happening in Hungary since 2005/a (or see a href="http://hungaryeconomywatch.blogspot.com/2007/12/just-why-is-hungary-so-different-from.html"this earlier post/a). In the first place because both countries found themselves faced with a twin deficits crisis, both saw fiscal spending surge sharply upwards as a response to a sudden drop in domestic consumption, both have been unable to sufficiently ramp up exports as a result of excessive downward rigidity is the wage setting process, both have had absolutely stagnant employment growth, and both, and here is the really unusual detail, were experiencing downward movements in their population at the time their problem really got going. Quite what connection one thing has with the other reamins to be established, but I beg to suggest that this correlation is far from incidental. pIf we look at the Portuguese case we can see the downtick in overall population numbers quite clearly when we look at the relevant chart (see below), the unusual thing about the Portuguese case this is more the by product of "freedom of EU movement" outmigration (more appropriate to the Baltic and South East Europe connection than the Hungary one) than it was to the impact of lowest-low fertility, since while Portugal's fertility has been below replacement level since 1982, it only really fell below the critical 1.5Tfr rate in 1994.br //ppa href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHnVZiiDRI/AAAAAAAAHBQ/nTTY1Tp9jgk/s1600-h/portugal+population.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229214997172849938" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHnVZiiDRI/AAAAAAAAHBQ/nTTY1Tp9jgk/s320/portugal+population.jpg" border="0" //a If we look at the long term migration chart, we can see where the root of the problem was.br /br /a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGyuaSXKRoI/AAAAAAAAGc4/UXQ_l1kOE1A/s1600-h/portugal+migration+2.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218737834844374658" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGyuaSXKRoI/AAAAAAAAGc4/UXQ_l1kOE1A/s320/portugal+migration+2.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /And if we also look at the chart below and see how the supply of remittances has dried up (ie all these potential young consumers have now become a net loss to the economy) we can perhaps begin to understand how it was that domestic consumption started to stagnate.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGqg46pPyYI/AAAAAAAAGa4/YyyfPZ-iaMY/s1600-h/portugal+remittances.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218160017937516930" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SGqg46pPyYI/AAAAAAAAGa4/YyyfPZ-iaMY/s320/portugal+remittances.jpg" border="0" //a In theoretical terms economists have long spoken about the possibility of having multiple "equilibria", and how economic processes are to a certain degree "path dependent", well in the cases of Spain and Portugal we couldn't have a clearer example I think. If we look at net migration between 2000 and 2008, the difference between the two countries is plain to see. Spain went up and up.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHs29yYJoI/AAAAAAAAHBY/hBg2FkRNo8o/s1600-h/spain+migration.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229221071396808322" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHs29yYJoI/AAAAAAAAHBY/hBg2FkRNo8o/s320/spain+migration.jpg" border="0" //a While Portugal went down and down (see below). We couldn't have a clearer example of the contrast between positive and negative feedback processes, illustration of how most contemporary migrant flows are "labour market driven".br /br /a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHvhiVWVAI/AAAAAAAAHBg/2cv56hdpDqo/s1600-h/portugal+migration.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229224001784927234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJHvhiVWVAI/AAAAAAAAHBg/2cv56hdpDqo/s320/portugal+migration.jpg" border="0" //abr /And again, if we think about house prices (see earlier Portugal chart) Spain was going through an enormous asset price inflation boom during these very same years.br /br /a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHp1xXqPGmI/AAAAAAAAGsw/H0Tp9z-ApSk/s1600-h/spain+housing+two.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5222616208914717282" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHp1xXqPGmI/AAAAAAAAGsw/H0Tp9z-ApSk/s320/spain+housing+two.jpg" border="0" //a So Spain and Portugal were receiving one and the same monetary policy, with very different results in each case, since while Spain's inflation accelerated during the highpoint of monetary easing, Portugal's rate even dropped. This should give some food for thought to all those who simplistically talk about the "pernicious" effects of low interest rates.br /br /a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHp4fDiKNTI/AAAAAAAAGs4/7haQirKkq6w/s1600-h/spain+and+P+cpi.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5222619192809370930" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SHp4fDiKNTI/AAAAAAAAGs4/7haQirKkq6w/s320/spain+and+P+cpi.jpg" border="0" //abr /And again, as can be seen in the next chart, one and the same monetary stimulus lead to very different domestic consumption paths.br /br /br /a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIHND0QU6I/AAAAAAAAHBo/9gxxS6XD8NE/s1600-h/portugal+and+spain.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229250038274741154" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIHND0QU6I/AAAAAAAAHBo/9gxxS6XD8NE/s320/portugal+and+spain.jpg" border="0" //a Indeed while Spain's unemployment fell during the first years of euro membership, Portugal's unemployment actually went up.br /br /a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIMVuL1RKI/AAAAAAAAHBw/4L6R26iKV9U/s1600-h/portugal+and+spain+unemployment.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229255684645012642" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIMVuL1RKI/AAAAAAAAHBw/4L6R26iKV9U/s320/portugal+and+spain+unemployment.jpg" border="0" //a And yet if anything average annual wage cost growth in Portugal has been lower.br /br /a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIRVwhOqyI/AAAAAAAAHB4/ZDMYcOJBhhk/s1600-h/spain+and+P+hourly+wage+costs.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5229261182829767458" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SJIRVwhOqyI/AAAAAAAAHB4/ZDMYcOJBhhk/s320/spain+and+P+hourly+wage+costs.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /strongIn Conclusion - Going Off The Rails In Portugal?/strongbr /br /br //pblockquoteThis is where Portugal is today. In the absence of policy changes, the most likely scenario is one of competitive disinflation, a period of sustained high unemployment until competitiveness has been reestablished, the current account deficit and unemployment are reduced............ It is a process fraught with dangers, both economic and political, and one which can easily derail.br /Olivier Blanchard - Adjustment within the euro. The di±cult case of Portugal, November 2006./blockquotepbr /Well what we most certainly have not seen in the Portuguese case in any sort of credible process of competitive disinflation (which makes me wonder about the extent to which any such process could work in an East European context like Latvia or Hungary, if the prospect of Eurozone membership is dangled out just before them - falling wages strongnever/strong prove popular anywhere, and politicians have a strange habit of not carrying through things which turn out to be unpopular). So has Portugals economic and political development process been thrown off the rails. I fear it has.br /br /br /Possibly the clearest example of the extent to which Portugal's economy has been "derailed" is to be found in the stagnation of the labour market. After shooting up as the turn of the century (possibly in a process which involved deep "whitening" of the submerged economy, see chart) the number of people employed in Portugal has actually marked time, and now during the present global recession it may even drop back again, to what would effectively be pre 2000 levels.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtT5iYUZOI/AAAAAAAAMIs/5y0th4WC3F0/s1600-h/portugal+employment.png"img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 176px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtT5iYUZOI/AAAAAAAAMIs/5y0th4WC3F0/s320/portugal+employment.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290414435223233762" //abr /br /br /And now with a global economic crisis breathing down our necks the situation is likely to get worse not better. Indeed Portugal has just announced a 2.2 billion euro package to boost its flagging economy. No harm in that, but when strongwill/strong we really bring the fiscal deficit adjustment to a satisfactory conclusion? The package will focus on investment in schools, boosting technology and alternative energy. The finance minister has said the package is expected to give a 0.7 percentage point boost to GDP in 2009.br /br /br /In 2008, the general government deficit was forecast at 2.25% of GDP, down from 2.6% of GDP in 2007, but this number now seems to be out of date hardly before the ink was dry.br //ppa href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9vGliXVcI/AAAAAAAAGg4/duio6Z8_aB0/s1600-h/portugal+debt+to+GDP.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219512652091839938" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9vGliXVcI/AAAAAAAAGg4/duio6Z8_aB0/s320/portugal+debt+to+GDP.jpg" border="0" //abr /br /br /In fact the government deficit is now projected to rebound to over 3% of GDP in 2009, this is hardly alarming given the global backdrop, but it is also far from being a positive development. On the revenue front, the economic downturn is expected to take a significant toll on tax proceeds, while on the spending side, some acceleration is expected on the back of higher social transfers, which reflect, first, the (partial) indexation of cash transfers to the previous year's inflation rate; second, recent policy measures, and, third, no further decline in unemployment benefits. /ppAmong new spending plans there is a 43 billion euro public-private infrastructure development plan (which is set to run through to 2017), and which includes projects to build a new international airport near Lisbon and a bridge over the Tagus river. The government has also approved an economic stimulus package worth nearly 2.2 billion euros./ppFor 2010, applying a simple no-policy change assumption, the EU commission currently forecast the government deficit to be around 3.25% of GDP, thus after falling in 2007, the government debt to GDP ratio is projected to resume its upward trend and reach 66.5% of GDP by 2010. And this on a "best case" (no policy change assumption) scenario, when clearly there is abundant downside risk to any present forecast./ppOf course another of the problems Portugal will have in 2009 is that of financing and reducing its current account deficit, which is estimated by the IMF to have hit 12% of GDP in 2008. In particualr I would draw attention to the structural damage to the income account (see chart below) which has been caused by the external financing required by so many years of running such large deficits. Thus as we get into 2010/11 the risk of a serious financing problem on the back of a pair of "twin deficits" which simply get worse and worse is hardly to be taken lightly./ppa href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9ZDmHidqI/AAAAAAAAGgY/SfPhSuetdcM/s1600-h/Portugal+Income+Balance.jpg"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5219488411452339874" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_ngczZkrw340/SG9ZDmHidqI/AAAAAAAAGgY/SfPhSuetdcM/s320/Portugal+Income+Balance.jpg" border="0" //abr /br //ppstrongIs There A Deflation Risk?br //strongbr /br /Portugal is currently undergoing something of a strong disinflation process, with the annual CPI falling from a high of 3.4% in June to 1.4% in November. Not only that, the general HICP index has actually declined on a month on month basis for four of the last five months.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtRGSsMrFI/AAAAAAAAMIk/r9JVFrt32ds/s1600-h/portugal+cpi.png"img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 185px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWtRGSsMrFI/AAAAAAAAMIk/r9JVFrt32ds/s320/portugal+cpi.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290411355815062610" //abr /br /And the danger is that demand falls Portugal could be dragged off behind it into deflation territory. And the coming contraction could be a sharp one with both Bank of America and Deutsche Bank predicting that the economy of the 16 nations that share the euro will shrink by 2.5 percent this year.br /br /European Central Bank council member and Bank of Portugal Governor Vitor Constancio is aware of the danger and has indicated that the ECB is prepared to reduce borrowing costs further to prevent inflation slowing “significantly” below its 2 percent ceiling, even going so far, if necessary, as to introduce some variant of quantitative easing. He still thinks it won't happen, but he is well aware of the possibility, as indeed we all should be.br /br /blockquote“Any risks of inflation settling well below that level must be preventively contained with interest-rate reductions.........In the middle of the year, we may have some months of negative inflation,” though “not deflation,” Constancio said “the priority” for European governments is “to limit a recession that became inevitable but that has to be contained in order to avoid scenarios of depression and deflation.” If deflation “gains momentum, it’s very dangerous,” Constancio said. “It’s very difficult to escape from a process of deflation.”/blockquote]]></description>
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		<title>Spain&#8217;s Inflation Plunges As The Current Account Deficit Gradually Eases Back</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/spains-inflation-plunges-as-the-current-account-deficit-gradually-eases-back/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Jan 2009 07:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /br /strong/stronga href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCBADk-EI/AAAAAAAAMBE/lRuGq1QvY5c/s1600-h/cafe+fiorino.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287861497448691778" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 241px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCBADk-EI/AAAAAAAAMBE/lRuGq1QvY5c/s320/cafe+fiorino.png" border="0" //abr /br /Spain's inflation (as measured by the EU HICP methodology) was around 1.5% (year on year) in December 2008, according to the flash estimate issued by the stats office (INE) earlier this week. This number only offers us an initial glimpse of the final HICP reading, but, if confirmed, it will mean Spain's annual rate of inflation has dropped 0.9% (nearly one full percentage point) in the space 0f just one month - since in November the annual rate was 2.4%.br /br /It will also mean that Spain's inflation for 2007 dropped its the lowest rate in a decade, down sharply from the 2007 rate of 4.2 percent. This is remarkable since Spanish inflation has generally been over the EU average for more than a decade now, and 1998 was the last year in which prices for goods and services rose as slowly as they did in 2008. And the big question is, just how much more disinflation is there now in the pipeline? Where, indeed, will this process end?br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHrDP6v8KI/AAAAAAAAL_M/-UWmp9lHkN8/s1600-h/spain+CPI.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287765878554751138" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 187px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHrDP6v8KI/AAAAAAAAL_M/-UWmp9lHkN8/s320/spain+CPI.png" border="0" //abr /strongPutting Theory To The Test Over A Cup Of Coffeebr //strongbr /Well, in order to dig a bit deeper into all of this in what I hope will be a practical and enjoyable way let me start by offering bit of free publicity for my local bar, which you can see in the photo at the top of this post. The bar is in fact situated in Barcelona's Plaça Lesseps (near to where I, myself, live, and also - for any of you who happen to visit Barcelona - directly en route for the Güell, or Gaudi, Park). The proximity to the park is obviously one of the reasons the chain who own the bar decided to put it where it is, since a significant proportion of the large number of tourists who make the daily pilgrimage to the park need to pass it on their way.br /br /Well, the point of this small publicity spot is not simply to offer them a shamefaced and willy-nilly promotion, but rather becuase I have singled out this little bar for a small experiment. Basically Joaquin Almunia, Pedro Solbes, Miguel Fernandez Ordoñez and I are in disagreement about something. Better put, they all agree with each other, while I find myself in basic disagreement, since they hold that Spain will see very low inflation in 2009 but not outright wage and price deflation. Of course, the devil may be in the details here, since if we are talking about the whole year average, then they may well be right, but if we are talking about the trend, then on my view we are heading for negative price movements - and over a number of years probably - and the only real doubt I have in my mind is when this downward movement will start. Hence my small litmus test.br /br /Basically I am going to take this bar as a test case, and in particular I plan to track the price of one particular product - their café con leche (cafe amb llet in Catalan, café au lait for those who prefer the French version, but NOT, definitely not, the badly translated "milky coffee" - a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche"or coffee with milk/a - in English, since the art of this particular beverage is most definitely in the making).br /br /br /Now for those of you who can read the price list (below, click on image for better viewing), the price of a café con leche in the bar is currently 1:15 euro (which isn't expensive if you consider the bar, its location, the quality of the coffee they serve - very good - and the level of prices generally in Barcelona). This price is already news, since they did not raise it on 1 January 2009, a move which has all too often been a custom here in Spain. So at least prices are more or less stationary now in Spain (or at least prices in the private sector are - see below). But I expect more. I expect to see these kind of prices fall, and keep falling, and it this process we will be following here on this blog as we move forward.br /br /br /br /br /pa href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCTJFf1ZI/AAAAAAAAMBM/cAM16V7pgvE/s1600-h/cafe+f+2.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287861809110308242" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 224px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCTJFf1ZI/AAAAAAAAMBM/cAM16V7pgvE/s320/cafe+f+2.png" border="0" //abr /Now just to be clear where we are at the time of speaking, what we have in Spain at the present time is a strong strongdisinflation/strong process - not outright deflation. If we look at the index chart below, we will see that the general HICP index is not only stationary, it has been falling since July. Now this drop is largely the result of a sharp falling back in food and energy prices, and this is not in itself deflation. If we look at the performance in the core HICP index (taking out the "volatile" food and energy prices) we will see that the position is a lot less clearcut, since in fact the core index has continued to climb - following the line of the inbuilt inflation momentum - and has only started to steady up in the last couple of months.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHq9fYiNiI/AAAAAAAAL_E/pyAoMZsPdZM/s1600-h/spain+HICP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287765779626997282" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 175px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHq9fYiNiI/AAAAAAAAL_E/pyAoMZsPdZM/s320/spain+HICP.png" border="0" //abr /So my argument is that the disinflation which is being produced by the negative energy price shock, in the context of very, very weak internal demand could in fact produce a negative feedback cycle of price reductions which extend well beyond food and energy./pbr /strongPrice Rigiditiesbr //strongbr /pThere are two great obstacles to this downward movement, one is the existence of collective wgae bargaining structures which enable wages to rise when prices rise, but do not necessarily allow them to fall when prices fall - but it is inbuilt into my argument that the shock of demand contraction is simply going to be so strong over the coming 12 to 18 months that the ability of these agreements to withstand it in their present form has to be brought into question. The issue is, just how far and how fast are unions and government prepared to see unemployment rise before offering some sort of response, because this is just what the impact of these asymmetric wage rigidities will mean, very substantial pressure on employment as more and more companies are pushed towards bankruptcy. Of course, the "get out" may be the "pagos extra" (additional payments), which may simply become less frequent and less substantial. We will see./ppThe second rigidity is constituted by the so called "administered prices" - basically those prices which are controlled or authorised by a government agency in some shape or form or other. One area where the role of administered prices is going to be important is in energy. The Spanish government only last week agreed to let power companies raise electricity tariffs over 20 percent over the next three years. The agreement is, of course, part of the government's plan to eliminate the large gap between what utilities charge clients for electricity and the cost of generating it, a gap which is known as the tariff deficit, and of course in the process attempt to reduce that "other" deficit, the current account one. Utilities will be allowed to raise the maximum tariffs they may charge some consumers by between 7 and 9 percent per year over the next three years. /ppThe industry ministry have so far introduced an average 3.5 percent rise in household electricity tariffs and a 2.8 percent increase in rates for small businesses, which come into effect from January 1. In return for permission to hike power rates, utilities will have to write off 2 billion euros of the tariff deficit, which sits on their books as a long-term government-backed credit. The government will guarantee up to 20 billion euros of tariff deficit and back the securitisation of the shortfall. The tariff deficit is estimated by Spain's energy regulator (CNE) to have swollen to 16.2 billion euros in 2008 from the 11.2 billion accumulated by power companies to the end of 2007.br /br /strongReal And Nominal GDP/strong/pbr /pa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPL8Kk0AXI/AAAAAAAAMCk/8wlYEzhkmgc/s1600-h/japan+GDP+land+prices.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288294621954441586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 170px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPL8Kk0AXI/AAAAAAAAMCk/8wlYEzhkmgc/s320/japan+GDP+land+prices.png" border="0" //abr /Now above you will find the first of two charts a href="http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_events/task,view/id,1828"prepared by Japanese economist Richard Koo/a which I think will be useful to illustrate a number of points where we might find similarities between what is happening in Spain and what happened in Japan. The first of these points concerns the price of land (which is represented by the pink line in the chart - please click over image for better viewing). As you can see, Japanese land prices started to fall in 1991, and they really have not recovered to any significant extent to date (indeed land prices have now started falling again). /ppNow land has been the single biggest drag on Japanese asset prices since the early 1990s, and is one of the principal culprits behind all those years of protracted deflation, so I think people in Spain need to take note of this, and be warned. The second point to note is that outright deflation didn't set in in Japan till around the turn of the century, and what I am terming "outright" deflation is represented by the crossover point between real and nominal GDP. (Nominal GDP is GDP in current prices - ie the actual prices charged - real GDP is inflation corrected). Now as we can see, nominal GDP actually fell between 2000 and 2003, and this is a very complicated situation to handle, since debts retain their nominal values, while virtually everything else goes down. As a result, debt to almost anything up goes up, and this is the situation I fear we may see in Spain in 2009, or more probably 2010, where the economy contracts so fast, and prices also fall in a way that we get a sudden fall in nominal GDP. This, I think, would really be a nightmare scenario for everyone.br /br /strongConsumer Confidence Holds At Its Low Level /strongbr /br /As might only be expected, with such a sharp deterioration in operating conditions Spanish consumers are not exactly feeling happy these days, and while Spain's consumer confidence indicator rose ever so slightly in Decemebr - to 48.9 from 48.7 in November (according to the latest report from the Instituto de Crédito Oficial, ICO earlier this week) - is is still way, way below the long run series average.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiX_40FRI/AAAAAAAAL-8/q2gmI_6sgEs/s1600-h/spain+consumer+confidence.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287756339424269586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiX_40FRI/AAAAAAAAL-8/q2gmI_6sgEs/s320/spain+consumer+confidence.png" border="0" //abr /br /The slight Decemebr improvement was largely due to a small increase in the sub component indicator for current economic conditions, but then it was December, and it was Xmas time. The current economic conditions indicator rose to 29.7 from 28.2 in November, while the consumer expectations component, on the other hand, dropped to 68.1 from 69.2. All in all we are still above July's historic low, but since confidence is still at a very low level that isn't exactly saying much.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiPQaGOmI/AAAAAAAAL-0/sj5Lsp4dVm4/s1600-h/spain+cc+2.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287756189240015458" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiPQaGOmI/AAAAAAAAL-0/sj5Lsp4dVm4/s320/spain+cc+2.png" border="0" //abr /strongCar Sales Fall Sharply Again In Decemberbr //strongbr /Spanish car sales fell 28.1 percent in 2008 over 2007, according to the car industry group ANFAC last week. This was the sharpest yearly drop ever, with Spanish car registrations falling 49.9% year on year in December, rounding out the year on the worst possible note - 72,377 cars were registered in December in Spain , down from 144,441 a year earlier. The car association reported that the drop was due to tougher financing conditions as well as the generally more difficult economic situation. /pblockquote"Job losses and shrinking disposable income are undermining consumer confidence and hitting car sales," Anfac said. "If market conditions persist during 2009, new car registration will have fallen by over a million vehicles, which gives us an idea of the gravity of the situation." /blockquotestrongServices Continue To Contract In December/strongbr /br /br /But it isn't only manufacturing and the key car industry which is now being weighed down by the crisis, Spain's services sector is also feeling the pressure, and the December PMI showed the sector contracted sharply one more time as activity, new business and the workforce all shrank at a pace second only to November's record declines. The Markit PMI, covering Spanish service companies ranging from hotels to insurance brokers, dropped to 32.1 in December - way below the 50 level where growth starts - and the second-worst reading since the survey began in 1999, following November's record low of 28.2.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWND6lHvVZI/AAAAAAAAMB0/sRqsJ7MT4rI/s1600-h/spain+services+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288145061139142034" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWND6lHvVZI/AAAAAAAAMB0/sRqsJ7MT4rI/s320/spain+services+index.png" border="0" //abr /br /blockquote"The bad news in the Spanish economy just keeps on coming. The terrible PMI data for December were second only to November in their severity," said economist at MarkitEconomics Andrew Harker, "Any slight optimism seems largely based on wishful thinking, while it seems clear that conditions will continue to worsen in the first quarter of 2009 at least."/blockquoteThe Spanish government, who last month announced an extra 11 billion euros on top of the previously announced 40 billion euros in tax cuts and state credit in an attempt to stimulate an economy whose health is deteriorating rapidly, continue to assert that growth should pick up again from mid-2009, but as more and more waves of data come rolling in this looks increasingly unlikely and the Spanish economy seems set to contract all through 2009 and probably shrink again in 2010.br /br /br /strongCurrent Account Deficit Narrows/strongbr /br /br /One of the reasons why there is little room for optimism in the Spanish case is the need to correct the current account deficit, which, while it is now steadily falling back as internal demand weakens, is still running at something like an 8% of GDP annual rate. The deficit dropped again in October, according to the latest data from the Bank of Spain, hitting 7.86 billion euros, down from 8.11 billion euros in September and 9.02 billion euros in October 2007. As can be seen in the chart (below) the deficit has now been dropping steadily since March last year. The driving force behind the fall is more a question of declining imports than rising exports though, and, please note the very important point that the income account, which is the net balance of interest paid on loans and dividends on equities, still continues to deteriorate.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIuO-qX-9I/AAAAAAAAMAk/NmH1PlLJHI0/s1600-h/spain+CA+1.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287839747360160722" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 196px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIuO-qX-9I/AAAAAAAAMAk/NmH1PlLJHI0/s320/spain+CA+1.png" border="0" //abr /br /The deficit on income account was 3.53 billion euros in October, up from 1.77 billion euros in October 2007.br /br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI21JLVNsI/AAAAAAAAMA0/rz4TX0BobC4/s1600-h/spain+income+account.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287849199110796994" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 213px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI21JLVNsI/AAAAAAAAMA0/rz4TX0BobC4/s320/spain+income+account.png" border="0" //abr /The reason for the deterioration in the income account isn't that hard to find, it lies in the growing external indebtedness of the Spanish economy (see chart below). This debt has now risen from 870 billion euros in Q3 2004 (or around 90% of GDP) to 1,686 billion euros in Q3 2008 (or around 155% of GDP). In fact the size of the debt has more or less doubled over this period, and it is still rising. The reason for the increase in debt isn't hard to find, since it lies in the need to attract funds to finance the large increase in the goods and services trade deficit which was created by attempting to run the Spanish economy so far above what could be termed its "capacity", and for so long.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI2gnn4oUI/AAAAAAAAMAs/mry4lblnBdk/s1600-h/spain+external.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287848846506369346" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 213px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI2gnn4oUI/AAAAAAAAMAs/mry4lblnBdk/s320/spain+external.png" border="0" //abr /So basically Spain's problem isn't simply a construction boom that went wrong. Spain's current economic malaise has deep structural roots that go back over a number of years - probably the best part of a decade. Basically Spain's economy overheated way beyond capacity for at least six years, and the smoking gun for this is what happened to the current account deficit (see chart below), as imports were steadily sucked in to meet the voracious demand, that was, of course, fuelled by the large rise in construction activity and the wealth-effect of steadily rising property prices.br /br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWItdRwTPkI/AAAAAAAAMAc/jO84SYlwlXA/s1600-h/spain+current+account.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287838893491830338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 196px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWItdRwTPkI/AAAAAAAAMAc/jO84SYlwlXA/s320/spain+current+account.png" border="0" //abr /And how, apart from the CA deficit, do we know that Spain's economy was operating "beyond capacity" - well one piece of evidence would be all that external debt which was accumulated by the inflow of foreign funds (which you can see in the earlier chart), and another would be the large number of migrant workers who were sucked in.br /br /There are currently something like 5 million immigrants living and working in Spain, and they make up about 10% of the population, the highest proportion (of first generation immigrants) in the European Union. Even more strikingly, more than 4 million of these immigrants came to Spain after 2000, during the good years of the housing boom, they filled the toughest and worst paid jobs on building sites and farms.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SVZHOK8P8xI/AAAAAAAAL68/iiFmM6DIi8s/s1600-h/spain+immigrant.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284489521546654482" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 176px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SVZHOK8P8xI/AAAAAAAAL68/iiFmM6DIi8s/s320/spain+immigrant.png" border="0" //a p/pbr /So there you have it, an economy is basically a large cement mixer into which you throw money, people and raw materials in certain proportions - and out the product (national income) comes at the other end of the pipe. But Spain had neither the people, the money, nor the energy to fuel all this, hence all of these were imported, and in large quatities. Hence, ultimately, the CA deficit. Not all that hard to understand really I don't think.br /br /But why did the economy overheat? Aha! Well just look at the chart below, and notice how the period when Spain was being subjected to negative interest rates coincides almost exactly with the sudden surge in the CA deficit. This is another tell-tale sign, another smoking gun. The monetary policy applied in Spain between 2002 and 2006 was thoroughly inappropriate. But now is not the time to quibble about this - when things are back under control again there will be plenty of time for a post mortem. Now is the time for action, and for doing something to try to ensure a more orderly correction than the one we are currently "enjoying", and it is this plan of action I find lacking, far more lacking than the mere absence of reflective self criticism.br /br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI6WVzW--I/AAAAAAAAMA8/f8DBGxYl6W8/s1600-h/spain+interest+rates.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287853067970477026" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 204px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI6WVzW--I/AAAAAAAAMA8/f8DBGxYl6W8/s320/spain+interest+rates.png" border="0" //abr /Finally, (below), one last chart on Japan, a href="http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_events/task,view/id,1828"again prepared by the Japanese economist Richard Koo/a. The thick blue line (please click over chart if you can't see adequately) shows the perception of large businesses of the willingness of banks to lend to them, as surveyed by the Bank of Japan for the Tankan index. You will note the line plunges twice, and it is the second plunge, or "credit crunch", which interests me at the moment. This was the crunch that finally drove Japan decisively off into deflation, and produced that now famed "liquidity trap". Basically the first credit crunch was resolved via large scale government contruction spending, the guaranteeing of bank deposits, and the swallowing by the banks of a large number of non-performing loans. Does all this sound familiar? It should. But then Japan reached a point were the financial system could struggle forward no further. So the crunch broke out again, and this time the only way to resolve the problem was with two massive injections of capital into the banking system. These injections served to push the Japan government debt to GDP ratio sharply upwards, and it is this part of the story that I feel we will see repeating itself here in Spain. Maybe in 2010, maybe in 2011. It all depends how far the system can limp forward before it folds in on itself.br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPNn2SRsMI/AAAAAAAAMCs/pakJYeWnQ60/s1600-h/japan+willingness+II.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288296471933857986" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 171px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPNn2SRsMI/AAAAAAAAMCs/pakJYeWnQ60/s320/japan+willingness+II.png" border="0" //abr /Finally, to end, where we started, and on a happier note. Here I am, with my photographer friend Marta, in my local bar, where my dedication to my work will take me, for those regular café con leches, you know, just to check on how my local consumer price inflation is coming along.]]></description>
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		<title>Why Spain&#8217;s Economic Crisis Is Something More Than A &#8220;Housing Slump&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/why-spains-economic-crisis-is-something-more-than-a-housing-slump/</link>
		<comments>http://www.straightstocks.com/global-economics/why-spains-economic-crisis-is-something-more-than-a-housing-slump/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2009 14:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Edward Hugh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[bank deposits]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[strong/stronga href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCBADk-EI/AAAAAAAAMBE/lRuGq1QvY5c/s1600-h/cafe+fiorino.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287861497448691778" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 241px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCBADk-EI/AAAAAAAAMBE/lRuGq1QvY5c/s320/cafe+fiorino.png" border="0" //abr /br /by Edward Hugh: Barcelonabr /br /br /Spain's inflation (as measured by the EU HICP methodology) was around 1.5% (year on year) in December 2008, according to the flash estimate issued by the stats office (INE) earlier this week. This number only offers us an initial glimpse of the final HICP reading, but, if confirmed, it will mean Spain's annual rate of inflation has dropped 0.9% (nearly one full percentage point) in the space 0f just one month - since in November the annual rate was 2.4%.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHrDP6v8KI/AAAAAAAAL_M/-UWmp9lHkN8/s1600-h/spain+CPI.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287765878554751138" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 187px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHrDP6v8KI/AAAAAAAAL_M/-UWmp9lHkN8/s320/spain+CPI.png" border="0" //abr /br /It will also mean that Spain's inflation for 2007 dropped its the lowest rate in a decade, down sharply from the 2007 rate of 4.2 percent. This is remarkable since Spanish inflation has generally been over the EU average for more than a decade now, and 1998 was the last year in which prices for goods and services rose as slowly as they did in 2008. And the big question is, just how much more disinflation is there now in the pipeline? Where, indeed, will this process end?br /br /br /strongPutting Theory To The Test Over A Cup Of Coffeebr //strongbr /Well, in order to dig a bit deeper into all of this in what I hope will be a practical and enjoyable way let me start by offering bit of free publicity for my local bar, which you can see in the photo at the top of this post. The bar is in fact situated in Barcelona's Plaça Lesseps (near to where I, myself, live, and also - for any of you who happen to visit Barcelona - directly en route for the Güell, or Gaudi, Park). The proximity to the park is obviously one of the reasons the chain who own the bar decided to put it where it is, since a significant proportion of the large number of tourists who make the daily pilgrimage to the park need to pass it on their way.br /br /Well, the point of this small publicity spot is not simply to offer them a shamefaced and willy-nilly promotion, but rather becuase I have singled out this little bar for a small experiment. Basically Joaquin Almunia, Pedro Solbes, Miguel Fernandez Ordoñez and I are in disagreement about something. Better put, they all agree with each other, while I find myself in basic disagreement, since they hold that Spain will see very low inflation in 2009 but not outright wage and price deflation. Of course, the devil may be in the details here, since if we are talking about the whole year average, then they may well be right, but if we are talking about the trend, then on my view we are heading for negative price movements - and over a number of years probably - and the only real doubt I have in my mind is when this downward movement will start. Hence my small litmus test.br /br /Basically I am going to take this bar as a test case, and in particular I plan to track the price of one particular product - their café con lleche (cafe amb llet in Catalan, café au lait for those who prefer the French version, but NOT, definitely not, the badly translated "milky coffee" - a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche"or coffee with milk/a - in English, since the art of this particular beverage is most definitely in the making).br /br /br /Now for those of you who can read the price list (below, click on image for better viewing), the price of a café con leche in the bar is currently 1:15 euro (which isn't expensive if you consider the bar, its location, the quality of the coffee they serve - very good - and the level of prices generally in Barcelona). This price is already news, since they did not raise it on 1 January 2009, a move which has all too often been a custom here in Spain. So at least prices are more or less stationary now in Spain (or at least prices in the private sector are - see below). But I expect more. I expect to see these kind of prices fall, and keep falling, and it this process we will be following here on this blog as we move forward.br /br /br /br /br /pa href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCTJFf1ZI/AAAAAAAAMBM/cAM16V7pgvE/s1600-h/cafe+f+2.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287861809110308242" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 224px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWJCTJFf1ZI/AAAAAAAAMBM/cAM16V7pgvE/s320/cafe+f+2.png" border="0" //abr /Now just to be clear where we are at the time of speaking, what we have in Spain at the present time is a strong strongdisinflation/strong process - not outright deflation. If we look at the index chart below, we will see that the general HICP index is not only stationary, it has been falling since July. Now this drop is largely the result of a sharp falling back in food and energy prices, and this is not in itself deflation. If we look at the performance in the core HICP index (taking out the "volatile" food and energy prices) we will see that the position is a lot less clearcut, since in fact the core index has continued to climb - following the line of the inbuilt inflation momentum - and has only started to steady up in the last couple of months.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHq9fYiNiI/AAAAAAAAL_E/pyAoMZsPdZM/s1600-h/spain+HICP.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287765779626997282" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 175px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHq9fYiNiI/AAAAAAAAL_E/pyAoMZsPdZM/s320/spain+HICP.png" border="0" //abr /So my argument is that the disinflation which is being produced by the negative energy price shock, in the context of very, very weak internal demand could in fact produce a negative feedback cycle of price reductions which extend well beyond food and energy./pbr /strongPrice Rigiditiesbr //strongbr /pThere are two great obstacles to this downward movement, one is the existence of collective wgae bargaining structures which enable wages to rise when prices rise, but do not necessarily allow them to fall when prices fall - but it is inbuilt into my argument that the shock of demand contraction is simply going to be so strong over the coming 12 to 18 months that the ability of these agreements to withstand it in their present form has to be brought into question. The issue is, just how far and how fast are unions and government prepared to see unemployment rise before offering some sort of response, because this is just what the impact of these asymmetric wage rigidities will mean, very substantial pressure on employment as more and more companies are pushed towards bankruptcy. Of course, the "get out" may be the "pagos extra" (additional payments), which may simply become less frequent and less substantial. We will see./ppThe second rigidity is constituted by the so called "administered prices" - basically those prices which are controlled or authorised by a government agency in some shape or form or other. One area where the role of administered prices is going to be important is in energy. The Spanish government only last week agreed to let power companies raise electricity tariffs over 20 percent over the next three years. The agreement is, of course, part of the government's plan to eliminate the large gap between what utilities charge clients for electricity and the cost of generating it, a gap which is known as the tariff deficit, and of course in the process attempt to reduce that "other" deficit, the current account one. Utilities will be allowed to raise the maximum tariffs they may charge some consumers by between 7 and 9 percent per year over the next three years. /ppThe industry ministry have so far introduced an average 3.5 percent rise in household electricity tariffs and a 2.8 percent increase in rates for small businesses, which come into effect from January 1. In return for permission to hike power rates, utilities will have to write off 2 billion euros of the tariff deficit, which sits on their books as a long-term government-backed credit. The government will guarantee up to 20 billion euros of tariff deficit and back the securitisation of the shortfall. The tariff deficit is estimated by Spain's energy regulator (CNE) to have swollen to 16.2 billion euros in 2008 from the 11.2 billion accumulated by power companies to the end of 2007.br /br /strongReal And Nominal GDP/strong/pbr /pa href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPL8Kk0AXI/AAAAAAAAMCk/8wlYEzhkmgc/s1600-h/japan+GDP+land+prices.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288294621954441586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 170px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWPL8Kk0AXI/AAAAAAAAMCk/8wlYEzhkmgc/s320/japan+GDP+land+prices.png" border="0" //abr /Now above you will find the first of two charts a href="http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_events/task,view/id,1828"prepared by Japanese economist Richard Koo/a which I think will be useful to illustrate a number of points where we might find similarities between what is happening in Spain and what happened in Japan. The first of these points concerns the price of land (which is represented by the pink line in the chart - please click over image for better viewing). As you can see, Japanese land prices started to fall in 1991, and they really have not recovered to any significant extent to date (indeed land prices have now started falling again). /ppNow land has been the single biggest drag on Japanese asset prices since the early 1990s, and is one of the principal culprits behind all those years of protracted deflation, so I think people in Spain need to take note of this, and be warned. The second point to note is that outright deflation didn't set in in Japan till around the turn of the century, and what I am terming "outright" deflation is represented by the crossover point between real and nominal GDP. (Nominal GDP is GDP in current prices - ie the actual prices charged - real GDP is inflation corrected). Now as we can see, nominal GDP actually fell between 2000 and 2003, and this is a very complicated situation to handle, since debts retain their nominal values, while virtually everything else goes down. As a result, debt to almost anything up goes up, and this is the situation I fear we may see in Spain in 2009, or more probably 2010, where the economy contracts so fast, and prices also fall in a way that we get a sudden fall in nominal GDP. This, I think, would really be a nightmare scenario for everyone.br /br /strongConsumer Confidence Holds At Its Low Level /strongbr /br /As might only be expected, with such a sharp deterioration in operating conditions Spanish consumers are not exactly feeling happy these days, and while Spain's consumer confidence indicator rose ever so slightly in Decemebr - to 48.9 from 48.7 in November (according to the latest report from the Instituto de Crédito Oficial, ICO earlier this week) - is is still way, way below the long run series average.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiX_40FRI/AAAAAAAAL-8/q2gmI_6sgEs/s1600-h/spain+consumer+confidence.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287756339424269586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiX_40FRI/AAAAAAAAL-8/q2gmI_6sgEs/s320/spain+consumer+confidence.png" border="0" //abr /br /The slight Decemebr improvement was largely due to a small increase in the sub component indicator for current economic conditions, but then it was December, and it was Xmas time. The current economic conditions indicator rose to 29.7 from 28.2 in November, while the consumer expectations component, on the other hand, dropped to 68.1 from 69.2. All in all we are still above July's historic low, but since confidence is still at a very low level that isn't exactly saying much.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiPQaGOmI/AAAAAAAAL-0/sj5Lsp4dVm4/s1600-h/spain+cc+2.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287756189240015458" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWHiPQaGOmI/AAAAAAAAL-0/sj5Lsp4dVm4/s320/spain+cc+2.png" border="0" //abr /strongCar Sales Fall Sharply Again In Decemberbr //strongbr /Spanish car sales fell 28.1 percent in 2008 over 2007, according to the car industry group ANFAC last week. This was the sharpest yearly drop ever, with Spanish car registrations falling 49.9% year on year in December, rounding out the year on the worst possible note - 72,377 cars were registered in December in Spain , down from 144,441 a year earlier. The car association reported that the drop was due to tougher financing conditions as well as the generally more difficult economic situation. /pblockquote"Job losses and shrinking disposable income are undermining consumer confidence and hitting car sales," Anfac said. "If market conditions persist during 2009, new car registration will have fallen by over a million vehicles, which gives us an idea of the gravity of the situation." /blockquotestrongServices Continue To Contract In December/strongbr /br /br /But it isn't only manufacturing and the key car industry which is now being weighed down by the crisis, Spain's services sector is also feeling the pressure, and the December PMI showed the sector contracted sharply one more time as activity, new business and the workforce all shrank at a pace second only to November's record declines. The Markit PMI, covering Spanish service companies ranging from hotels to insurance brokers, dropped to 32.1 in December - way below the 50 level where growth starts - and the second-worst reading since the survey began in 1999, following November's record low of 28.2.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWND6lHvVZI/AAAAAAAAMB0/sRqsJ7MT4rI/s1600-h/spain+services+index.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288145061139142034" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 174px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWND6lHvVZI/AAAAAAAAMB0/sRqsJ7MT4rI/s320/spain+services+index.png" border="0" //abr /br /blockquote"The bad news in the Spanish economy just keeps on coming. The terrible PMI data for December were second only to November in their severity," said economist at MarkitEconomics Andrew Harker, "Any slight optimism seems largely based on wishful thinking, while it seems clear that conditions will continue to worsen in the first quarter of 2009 at least."/blockquoteThe Spanish government, who last month announced an extra 11 billion euros on top of the previously announced 40 billion euros in tax cuts and state credit in an attempt to stimulate an economy whose health is deteriorating rapidly, continue to assert that growth should pick up again from mid-2009, but as more and more waves of data come rolling in this looks increasingly unlikely and the Spanish economy seems set to contract all through 2009 and probably shrink again in 2010.br /br /br /strongCurrent Account Deficit Narrows/strongbr /br /br /One of the reasons why there is little room for optimism in the Spanish case is the need to correct the current account deficit, which, while it is now steadily falling back as internal demand weakens, is still running at something like an 8% of GDP annual rate. The deficit dropped again in October, according to the latest data from the Bank of Spain, hitting 7.86 billion euros, down from 8.11 billion euros in September and 9.02 billion euros in October 2007. As can be seen in the chart (below) the deficit has now been dropping steadily since March last year. The driving force behind the fall is more a question of declining imports than rising exports though, and, please note the very important point that the income account, which is the net balance of interest paid on loans and dividends on equities, still continues to deteriorate.br /br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIuO-qX-9I/AAAAAAAAMAk/NmH1PlLJHI0/s1600-h/spain+CA+1.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287839747360160722" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 196px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWIuO-qX-9I/AAAAAAAAMAk/NmH1PlLJHI0/s320/spain+CA+1.png" border="0" //abr /br /The deficit on income account was 3.53 billion euros in October, up from 1.77 billion euros in October 2007.br /br /br /a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI21JLVNsI/AAAAAAAAMA0/rz4TX0BobC4/s1600-h/spain+income+account.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287849199110796994" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 213px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI21JLVNsI/AAAAAAAAMA0/rz4TX0BobC4/s320/spain+income+account.png" border="0" //abr /The reason for the deterioration in the income account isn't that hard to find, it lies in the growing external indebtedness of the Spanish economy (see chart below). This debt has now risen from 870 billion euros in Q3 2004 (or around 90% of GDP) to 1,686 billion euros in Q3 2008 (or around 155% of GDP). In fact the size of the debt has more or less doubled over this period, and it is still rising. The reason for the increase in debt isn't hard to find, since it lies in the need to attract funds to finance the large increase in the goods and services trade deficit which was created by attempting to run the Spanish economy so far above what could be termed its "capacity", and for so long.br /br /a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI2gnn4oUI/AAAAAAAAMAs/mry4lblnBdk/s1600-h/spain+external.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287848846506369346" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 213px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWI2gnn4oUI/AAAAAAAAMAs/mry4lblnBdk/s320/spain+external.png" border="0" //abr /So basically Spain's problem isn't simply a construction boom that went wrong. Spain's current economic malaise has deep structural roots that go back over a number of years - probably the best part of a decade. Basically Spain's economy overheated way beyond capacity for at least six years, and the smoking gun for this is what happened to the current account deficit (see chart below), as imports were steadily sucked in to meet the voracious demand, that was, of course, fuelled by the large rise in construction activity and the wealth-effect of steadily rising property prices.br /br /br /a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWItdRwTPkI/AAAAAAAAMAc/jO84SYlwlXA/s1600-h/spain+current+account.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287838893491830338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 196px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SWItdRwTPkI/AAAAAAAAMAc/jO84SYlwlXA/s320/spain+current+account.png" border="0" //abr /And how, apart from the CA deficit, do we know that Spain's economy was operating "beyond capacity" - well one piece of evidence would be all that external debt which was accumulated by the inflow of foreign funds (which you can see in the earlier chart), and another would be the large number of migrant workers who were sucked in.br /br /There are currently something like 5 million immigrants living and working in Spain, and they make up about 10% of the population, the highest proportion (of first generation immigrants) in the European Union. Even more strikingly, more than 4 million of these immigrants came to Spain after 2000, during the good years of the housing boom, they filled the toughest and worst paid jobs on building sites and farms.br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SVZHOK8P8xI/AAAAAAAAL68/iiFmM6DIi8s/s1600-h/spain+immigrant.png"img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284489521546654482" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 176px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340/SVZHOK8P8xI/AAAAAAAAL68/iiFmM6DIi8s/s320/spain+immigrant.png" border="0" //a p/pbr /So there you have it, an economy is basically a large cement mixer into which you throw money, people and raw materials in certain proportions - and out the product (national income) comes at the other end of the pipe. But Spain had neither the people, the money, nor the energy to fuel all this, hence all of these were imported, and in large quatities. Hence, ultimately, the CA deficit. Not all that hard to understand really I don't think.br /br /But why did the economy overheat? Aha! Well just look at the chart below, and notice how the period when Spain was being subjected to negative interest rates coincides almost exactly with the sudden surge in the CA deficit. This is another tell-tale sign, another smoking gun. The monetary policy applied in Spain between 2002 and 2006 was thoroughly inappropriate. But now is not the time to quibble about this - when things are back under control again there will be plenty of time for a post mortem. Now is the time for action, and for doing something to try to ensure a more orderly correction than the one we are currently "enjoying", and it is this plan of action I find lacking, far more lacking than the mere absence of reflective self criticism.br /br /br /a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ngczZkrw340